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Large Language Models (LLMs) have demonstrated remarkable capabilities across various tasks but their performance in complex logical reasoning tasks remains unsatisfactory. Although some prompting methods, such as Chain-of-Thought, can…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-02-10 Tongxuan Liu , Wenjiang Xu , Weizhe Huang , Yuting Zeng , Jiaxing Wang , Xingyu Wang , Hailong Yang , Jing Li

Chain-of-Thought (CoT) reasoning enhances Large Language Models (LLMs) by encouraging step-by-step reasoning in natural language. However, leveraging a latent continuous space for reasoning may offer benefits in terms of both efficiency and…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-09-24 Zhenyi Shen , Hanqi Yan , Linhai Zhang , Zhanghao Hu , Yali Du , Yulan He

The long chain-of-thought (LongCoT) capability is central to the recent breakthroughs achieved by large language models in complex reasoning tasks. However, the accompanying issue of ''underthinking'', where models exhibit shallow reasoning…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-23 Xichen Zhang , Sitong Wu , Haoru Tan , Shaozuo Yu , Yinghao Zhu , Ziyi He , Jiaya Jia

Complex Reasoning in Large Language Models can be dynamically optimized using Test-Time Scaling (TTS) to mitigate Overthinking. Methods such as Coconut, SoftCoT and its variant are effective in continuous latent space inference, the core…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-12-17 Jiaqi Wang , Binquan Ji , Haibo Luo , Yiyang Qi , Ruiting Li , Huiyan Wang , Yuantao Han , Cangyi Yang , jiaxu Zhang , Feiliang Ren

Chain-of-thought (CoT) is a method that enables language models to handle complex reasoning tasks by decomposing them into simpler steps. Despite its success, the underlying mechanics of CoT are not yet fully understood. In an attempt to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-11-09 Yingcong Li , Kartik Sreenivasan , Angeliki Giannou , Dimitris Papailiopoulos , Samet Oymak

Chain-of-thought (CoT) reasoning enhances performance of large language models, but questions remain about whether these reasoning traces faithfully reflect the internal processes of the model. We present the first comprehensive study of…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-11-04 Sriram Balasubramanian , Samyadeep Basu , Soheil Feizi

In this paper, we address the challenging task of multimodal reasoning by incorporating the notion of ``slow thinking'' into multimodal large language models (MLLMs). Our core idea is that models can learn to adaptively use different levels…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-01-12 Kun Xiang , Zhili Liu , Terry Jingchen Zhang , Yinya Huang , Yunshuang Nie , Kaixin Cai , Yiyang Yin , Runhui Huang , Hanhui Li , Yihan Zeng , Yu-Jie Yuan , Jianhua Han , Lanqing Hong , Hang Xu , Xiaodan Liang

Large language models (LLMs) have achieved commendable accomplishments in various natural language processing tasks. However, LLMs still encounter significant challenges when dealing with complex scenarios involving multiple entities. These…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-06-07 Yanming Liu , Xinyue Peng , Tianyu Du , Jianwei Yin , Weihao Liu , Xuhong Zhang

Chain-of-thought (CoT) prompting is a simple and effective method for improving the reasoning capabilities of Large Language Models (LLMs). The basic idea of CoT is to let LLMs break down their thought processes step-by-step by putting…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-16 Yoonjeong Park , Hyunjin Kim , Chanyeol Choi , Junseong Kim , Jy-yong Sohn

Answering questions with Chain-of-Thought (CoT) has significantly enhanced the reasoning capabilities of Large Language Models (LLMs), yet its impact on Large Multimodal Models (LMMs) still lacks a systematic assessment and in-depth…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-02-14 Dongzhi Jiang , Renrui Zhang , Ziyu Guo , Yanwei Li , Yu Qi , Xinyan Chen , Liuhui Wang , Jianhan Jin , Claire Guo , Shen Yan , Bo Zhang , Chaoyou Fu , Peng Gao , Hongsheng Li

Chain-of-Thought (CoT) prompting has improved the reasoning performance of large language models (LLMs), but it remains unclear why it works and whether it is the unique mechanism for triggering reasoning in large language models. In this…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-01-14 Zhenghao He , Guangzhi Xiong , Bohan Liu , Sanchit Sinha , Aidong Zhang

Large Language Models (LLMs) have demonstrated remarkable performance across diverse tasks and exhibited impressive reasoning abilities by applying zero-shot Chain-of-Thought (CoT) prompting. However, due to the evolving nature of sentence…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-02-09 Feihu Jin , Yifan Liu , Ying Tan

Chain-of-Thought (CoT) reasoning has proven effective in natural language tasks but remains underexplored in multimodal alignment. This study investigates its integration into 3D vision-language learning by embedding structured reasoning…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-03-18 Yanjun Chen , Yirong Sun , Xinghao Chen , Jian Wang , Xiaoyu Shen , Wenjie Li , Wei Zhang

Mathematical reasoning remains a significant challenge for large language models (LLMs), despite progress in prompting techniques such as Chain-of-Thought (CoT). We present **Chain of Mathematically Annotated Thought (CoMAT)**, which…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-01-16 Joshua Ong Jun Leang , Aryo Pradipta Gema , Shay B. Cohen

Zero-shot Chain-of-Thought (CoT) prompting emerges as a simple and effective strategy for enhancing the performance of large language models (LLMs) in real-world reasoning tasks. Nonetheless, the efficacy of a singular, task-level prompt…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-11-01 Xiaosong Yuan , Chen Shen , Shaotian Yan , Xiaofeng Zhang , Liang Xie , Wenxiao Wang , Renchu Guan , Ying Wang , Jieping Ye

Chain-of-Thought reasoning can enhance large language models, but it requires manually designed prompts to guide the model. Recently proposed CoT-decoding enables the model to generate CoT-style reasoning paths without prompts, but it is…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-09 Guanran Luo , Wentao Qiu , Zhongquan Jian , Meihong Wang , Qingqiang Wu

Recent advances in reasoning with large language models (LLMs) have popularized Long Chain-of-Thought (LCoT), a strategy that encourages deliberate and step-by-step reasoning before producing a final answer. While LCoTs have enabled…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-05-29 Gangwei Jiang , Yahui Liu , Zhaoyi Li , Qi Wang , Fuzheng Zhang , Linqi Song , Ying Wei , Defu Lian

In the field of chemical engineering, traditional data-processing and prediction methods face significant challenges. Machine-learning and large-language models (LLMs) also have their respective limitations. This paper explores the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-02-19 Tianhang Zhou , Yingchun Niu , Xingying Lan , Chunming Xu

Large Language Models (LLMs) employ Chain-of-Thought (CoT) reasoning to deconstruct complex problems. While longer CoTs are often presumed superior, this paper challenges that notion, arguing that longer is not always better. Drawing on…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-05-28 Yuyang Wu , Yifei Wang , Ziyu Ye , Tianqi Du , Stefanie Jegelka , Yisen Wang

Chain-of-Thought (CoT) reasoning has demonstrated remarkable effectiveness in enhancing the reasoning abilities of large language models (LLMs). However, its efficiency remains a challenge due to the generation of excessive intermediate…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-08-20 Jianshu She , Zhuohao Li , Zhemin Huang , Qi Li , Peiran Xu , Haonan Li , Qirong Ho