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Time series is a pervasive data type across various application domains, rendering the reasonable solving of diverse time series tasks a long-standing goal. Recent advances in large language models (LLMs), especially their reasoning…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-08 Jiahui Zhou , Dan Li , Boxin Li , Xiao Zhang , Erli Meng , Lin Li , Zhuomin Chen , Jian Lou , See-Kiong Ng

Reinforcement learning (RL) has emerged as a powerful method for improving the reasoning abilities of large language models (LLMs). Outcome-based RL, which rewards policies solely for the correctness of the final answer, yields substantial…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-09-09 Yuda Song , Julia Kempe , Remi Munos

Large language models have achieved strong performance on medical reasoning benchmarks, yet their deployment in clinical settings demands rigorous verification to ensure factual accuracy. While reward models offer a scalable approach for…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-01-29 Hang Zhang , Ruheng Wang , Yuelyu Ji , Mingu Kwak , Xizhi Wu , Chenyu Li , Li Zhang , Wenqi Shi , Yifan Peng , Yanshan Wang

In this paper, we propose a simple and efficient method for value model training on long-context reasoning traces. Compared to existing process reward models (PRMs), our method does not require a fine-grained notion of "step," which is…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-01 Kaiwen Wang , Jin Peng Zhou , Jonathan Chang , Zhaolin Gao , Nathan Kallus , Kianté Brantley , Wen Sun

This paper presents a simple, effective, and cost-efficient strategy to improve LLM performance by scaling test-time compute. Our strategy builds upon the repeated-sampling-then-voting framework, with a novel twist: incorporating multiple…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-11-11 Jianhao Chen , Zishuo Xun , Bocheng Zhou , Han Qi , Hangfan Zhang , Qiaosheng Zhang , Yang Chen , Wei Hu , Yuzhong Qu , Wanli Ouyang , Shuyue Hu

The study of vision-and-language navigation (VLN) has typically relied on expert trajectories, which may not always be available in real-world situations due to the significant effort required to collect them. On the other hand, existing…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-03-28 Valay Bundele , Mahesh Bhupati , Biplab Banerjee , Aditya Grover

Recent advances have shown that scaling test-time computation enables large language models (LLMs) to solve increasingly complex problems across diverse domains. One effective paradigm for test-time scaling (TTS) involves LLM generators…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-15 Yefan Zhou , Austin Xu , Yilun Zhou , Janvijay Singh , Jiang Gui , Shafiq Joty

Inspired by the success of language models (LM), scaling up deep learning recommendation systems (DLRS) has become a recent trend in the community. All previous methods tend to scale up the model parameters during training time. However,…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2025-12-09 Fuyuan Lyu , Zhentai Chen , Jingyan Jiang , Lingjie Li , Xing Tang , Xiuqiang He , Xue Liu

Vision-Language-Action (VLA) models have demonstrated remarkable capabilities in visuomotor control, yet ensuring their robustness in unstructured real-world environments remains a persistent challenge. In this paper, we investigate…

Using Reinforcement Learning with Verifiable Rewards (RLVR) to optimize Large Language Models (LLMs) can be conceptualized as progressively editing a query's `Reasoning Tree'. This process involves exploring nodes (tokens) and dynamically…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-04-28 Hong Wang , Zhezheng Hao , Jian Luo , Chenxing Wei , Yao Shu , Lei Liu , Qiang Lin , Hande Dong , Jiawei Chen

Reinforcement learning with verifiable rewards (RLVR) has achieved remarkable success in logical reasoning tasks, yet whether large language model (LLM) alignment requires fundamentally different approaches remains unclear. Given the…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-03-12 Zhaowei Zhang , Xiaohan Liu , Xuekai Zhu , Junchao Huang , Ceyao Zhang , Zhiyuan Feng , Yaodong Yang , Xiaoyuan Yi , Xing Xie

Inspired by the success of reinforcement learning (RL) in Large Language Model (LLM) training for domains like math and code, recent works have begun exploring how to train LLMs to use search engines more effectively as tools for…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-02-05 Zhichao Xu , Zongyu Wu , Yun Zhou , Aosong Feng , Kang Zhou , Sangmin Woo , Kiran Ramnath , Yijun Tian , Xuan Qi , Weikang Qiu , Lin Lee Cheong , Haibo Ding

Recent advances in vision-language models (VLMs) reasoning have been largely attributed to the rise of reinforcement Learning (RL), which has shifted the community's focus away from the supervised fine-tuning (SFT) paradigm. Many studies…

Reinforcement learning with verifiable rewards (RLVR) has enabled large language models (LLMs) to achieve remarkable breakthroughs in reasoning tasks with objective ground-truth answers, such as mathematics and code generation. However, a…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-12 Ruipeng Jia , Yunyi Yang , Yongbo Gai , Kai Luo , Shihao Huang , Jianhe Lin , Xiaoxi Jiang , Guanjun Jiang

Uncertainty calibration is essential for the safe deployment of large language models (LLMs), particularly when users rely on verbalized confidence estimates. While prior work has focused on classifiers or short-form generation, confidence…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-05 Chaeyun Jang , Moonseok Choi , Yegon Kim , Hyungi Lee , Juho Lee

Reinforcement Learning with Verifiable Rewards (RLVR) has become a prominent method for post-training Large Language Models (LLMs). However, verifiers are rarely error-free; even deterministic checks can be inaccurate, and the growing…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-10 Andreas Plesner , Francisco Guzmán , Anish Athalye

Reinforcement learning (RL) has been widely adopted in post-training for large language models (LLMs) at scale. Recently, the incentivization of reasoning capabilities in LLMs from RL indicates that $\textit{proper learning methods could…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-09-26 Zijun Liu , Peiyi Wang , Runxin Xu , Shirong Ma , Chong Ruan , Peng Li , Yang Liu , Yu Wu

Reinforcement Learning with Verifiable Rewards (RLVR) has recently demonstrated notable success in enhancing the reasoning performance of large language models (LLMs), particularly on mathematics and programming tasks. Similar to how…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-11-25 Yang Yue , Zhiqi Chen , Rui Lu , Andrew Zhao , Zhaokai Wang , Yang Yue , Shiji Song , Gao Huang

This study explores the scaling properties of Reinforcement Learning from Human Feedback (RLHF) in Large Language Models (LLMs). Although RLHF is considered an important step in post-training of LLMs, its scaling potential is still largely…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-12-10 Zhenyu Hou , Pengfan Du , Yilin Niu , Zhengxiao Du , Aohan Zeng , Xiao Liu , Minlie Huang , Hongning Wang , Jie Tang , Yuxiao Dong

Most reinforcement learning (RL) methods for training large language models (LLMs) require ground-truth labels or task-specific verifiers, limiting scalability when correctness is ambiguous or expensive to obtain. We introduce Reinforcement…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2026-01-30 Micah Rentschler , Jesse Roberts
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