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In this work, we tackle the challenge of embedding realistic human personality traits into LLMs. Previous approaches have primarily focused on prompt-based methods that describe the behavior associated with the desired personality traits,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-07-30 Wenkai Li , Jiarui Liu , Andy Liu , Xuhui Zhou , Mona Diab , Maarten Sap

Human-like personality traits have recently been discovered in large language models, raising the hypothesis that their (known and as yet undiscovered) biases conform with human latent psychological constructs. While large conversational…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-01-14 Maor Reuben , Ortal Slobodin , Aviad Elyshar , Idan-Chaim Cohen , Orna Braun-Lewensohn , Odeya Cohen , Rami Puzis

The development of Large Language Models (LLMs) provides human-centered Artificial General Intelligence (AGI) with a glimmer of hope. Empathy serves as a key emotional attribute of humanity, playing an irreplaceable role in human-centered…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-08-26 Linzhuang Sun , Yao Dong , Nan Xu , Jingxuan Wei , Bihui Yu , Yin Luo

Semi-structured interviews (SSIs) are a commonly employed data-collection method in healthcare research, offering in-depth qualitative insights into subject experiences. Despite their value, the manual analysis of SSIs is notoriously…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-02-06 Satpreet Harcharan Singh , Kevin Jiang , Kanchan Bhasin , Ashutosh Sabharwal , Nidal Moukaddam , Ankit B Patel

Persona conditioning is widely used to steer large language model (LLM) behavior, but it is unclear whether it induces stable behavioral structure or superficial variation. We propose a framework to measure consistent behavioral tendencies…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-12 Alexandra Yost , Shreyans Jain , Shivam Raval , Grant Corser , Allen Roush , Nina Xu , Jacqueline Hammack , Ravid Shwartz-Ziv , Amirali Abdullah

This paper addresses the conceptual, methodological and technical challenges in studying large language models (LLMs) and the texts they produce from a quantitative linguistics perspective. It builds on a theoretical framework that…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-08-30 Jiří Milička

Generative AI models provide a wide range of tools capable of performing complex tasks in a fraction of the time it would take a human. Among these, Large Language Models (LLMs) stand out for their ability to generate diverse texts, from…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-07 Baldomero R. Árbol , Dan Casas

Large Language Models (LLMs),such as ChatGPT, are increasingly used in research, ranging from simple writing assistance to complex data annotation tasks. Recently, some research has suggested that LLMs may even be able to simulate human…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-08-14 Sarah Schröder , Thekla Morgenroth , Ulrike Kuhl , Valerie Vaquet , Benjamin Paaßen

Generative AI (GenAI) is increasingly used in survey contexts to simulate human preferences. While many research endeavors evaluate the quality of synthetic GenAI data by comparing model-generated responses to gold-standard survey results,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-02-25 Sarah Ball , Simeon Allmendinger , Frauke Kreuter , Niklas Kühl

Surveys are a widespread method for collecting data at scale, but their rigid structure often limits the depth of qualitative insights obtained. While interviews naturally yield richer responses, they are challenging to conduct across…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2025-03-12 Rune M. Jacobsen , Samuel Rhys Cox , Carla F. Griggio , Niels van Berkel

Large language models (LLMs) in the form of chatbots like ChatGPT and Llama are increasingly proposed as "silicon samples" for simulating human opinions. This study examines this notion, arguing that LLMs may misrepresent population-level…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-07-08 Dai Li , Linzhuo Li , Huilian Sophie Qiu

Tool-augmented LLMs are a promising approach to create AI agents that can have realistic conversations, follow procedures, and call appropriate functions. However, evaluating them is challenging due to the diversity of possible…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-11 Samuel Arcadinho , David Aparicio , Mariana Almeida

Intelligent Tutoring Systems (ITSs) can provide personalized and self-paced learning experience. The emergence of large language models (LLMs) further enables better human-machine interaction, and facilitates the development of…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-05-29 Zhengyuan Liu , Stella Xin Yin , Geyu Lin , Nancy F. Chen

This study examines whether LLMs can simulate culturally grounded psychological patterns based on demographic information. Using DeepSeek, we generated 2943 virtual participants matched to demographic distributions from the CFPS2018 and…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2025-10-01 Ke Luoma , Li Zengyi , Liao Jiangqun , Tong Song , Peng Kaiping

An essential problem in artificial intelligence is whether LLMs can simulate human cognition or merely imitate surface-level behaviors, while existing datasets suffer from either synthetic reasoning traces or population-level aggregation,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-03-31 Yuxuan Gu , Lunjun Liu , Xiaocheng Feng , Kun Zhu , Weihong Zhong , Lei Huang , Bing Qin

Recent research has focused on examining Large Language Models' (LLMs) characteristics from a psychological standpoint, acknowledging the necessity of understanding their behavioral characteristics. The administration of personality tests…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-07 Jen-tse Huang , Wenxiang Jiao , Man Ho Lam , Eric John Li , Wenxuan Wang , Michael R. Lyu

Simulated Students offer a valuable methodological framework for evaluating pedagogical approaches and modelling diverse learner profiles, tasks which are otherwise challenging to undertake systematically in real-world settings. Recent…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2025-11-11 Luis Marquez-Carpintero , Alberto Lopez-Sellers , Miguel Cazorla

The low-intrusion and automated personality assessment is receiving increasing attention in psychology and human-computer interaction fields. This study explores an interactive approach for personality assessment, focusing on the…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2026-04-07 Baiqiao Zhang , Xiangxian Li , Chao Zhou , Xinyu Gai , Juan Liu , Xue Yang , Nianlong Li , Shuai Ma , Xiaojuan Ma , Yong-jin Liu , Yulong Bian

Modeling subrational agents, such as humans or economic households, is inherently challenging due to the difficulty in calibrating reinforcement learning models or collecting data that involves human subjects. Existing work highlights the…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-02-15 Andrea Coletta , Kshama Dwarakanath , Penghang Liu , Svitlana Vyetrenko , Tucker Balch

This study explores the idea of AI Personality or AInality suggesting that Large Language Models (LLMs) exhibit patterns similar to human personalities. Assuming that LLMs share these patterns with humans, we investigate using…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-12-25 Yang Lu , Jordan Yu , Shou-Hsuan Stephen Huang