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The Transformer architecture has revolutionized deep learning, delivering the state-of-the-art performance in areas such as natural language processing, computer vision, and time series prediction. However, its core component,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-07-24 Haolin Jin , Mengbai Xiao , Yuan Yuan , Xiao Zhang , Dongxiao Yu , Guanghui Zhang , Haoliang Wang

In video and image generation tasks, Diffusion Transformer (DiT) models incur extremely high computational costs due to attention mechanisms, which limits their practical applications. Furthermore, with hardware advancements, a wide range…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-04-21 Aiyue Chen , Yaofu Liu , Junjian Huang , Guang Lian , Yiwu Yao , Wangli Lan , Jing Lin , Zhixin Ma , Tingting Zhou

Attention for transformers is a critical workload that has recently received significant "attention" as a target for custom acceleration. Yet, while prior work succeeds in reducing attention's memory-bandwidth requirements, it creates load…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2026-01-28 Nandeeka Nayak , Xinrui Wu , Toluwanimi O. Odemuyiwa , Michael Pellauer , Joel S. Emer , Christopher W. Fletcher

The growing demand for long-context inference capabilities in Large Language Models (LLMs) has intensified the computational and memory bottlenecks inherent to the self-attention mechanism. To address this challenge, we introduce BLASST, a…

Leveraging attention sparsity to accelerate long-context large language models (LLMs) has been a hot research topic. However, current algorithms such as sparse attention or key-value (KV) cache compression tend to use a fixed budget, which…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-11-05 Chaofan Lin , Jiaming Tang , Shuo Yang , Hanshuo Wang , Tian Tang , Boyu Tian , Ion Stoica , Song Han , Mingyu Gao

Attention, as a core layer of the ubiquitous Transformer architecture, is the bottleneck for large language models and long-context applications. While FlashAttention-3 optimized attention for Hopper GPUs through asynchronous execution and…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-03-06 Ted Zadouri , Markus Hoehnerbach , Jay Shah , Timmy Liu , Vijay Thakkar , Tri Dao

Large Language Models (LLMs) with extended context lengths face significant computational challenges during the pre-filling phase, primarily due to the quadratic complexity of self-attention. Existing methods typically employ dynamic…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-05-30 Yu Zhang , Dong Guo , Fang Wu , Guoliang Zhu , Dian Ding , Yiming Zhang

Diffusion transformers have achieved remarkable success in high-quality video generation, yet their reliance on spatiotemporal 3D full attention incurs prohibitive computational cost due to the quadratic complexity of attention. Block…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-05-25 Jie Hu , Zixiang Gao , Yutong He , Kun Yuan

Video diffusion transformers (DiTs) suffer from prohibitive inference latency due to quadratic attention complexity. Existing sparse attention methods either overlook semantic similarity or fail to adapt to heterogeneous token distributions…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-04-21 Haoyue Tan , Shengnan Wang , Yulin Qiao , Juncheng Zhang , Youhui Bai , Ping Gong , Zewen Jin , Cheng Li

The attention mechanism is an important reason for the success of transformers. It relies on computing pairwise relations between tokens. To reduce the high computational cost of standard quadratic attention, linear attention has been…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-02-13 Hanno Ackermann , Hong Cai , Mohsen Ghafoorian , Amirhossein Habibian

Transformer architectures have achieved remarkable success in various domains. While efficient alternatives to Softmax Attention have been widely studied, the search for more expressive mechanisms grounded in theoretical insight-even at…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-03 Yifei Zuo , Yutong Yin , Zhichen Zeng , Ang Li , Banghua Zhu , Zhaoran Wang

Leveraging long contexts is crucial for advanced AI systems, but attention computation poses a scalability challenge. While scaled dot-product attention (SDPA) exhibits token sparsity, i.e. only a few pivotal tokens significantly contribute…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-06-05 Aditya Desai , Shuo Yang , Alejandro Cuadron , Matei Zaharia , Joseph E. Gonzalez , Ion Stoica

The Transformer architecture model, based on self-attention and multi-head attention, has achieved remarkable success in offline end-to-end Automatic Speech Recognition (ASR). However, self-attention and multi-head attention cannot be…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-10-03 Chendong Zhao , Jianzong Wang , Wen qi Wei , Xiaoyang Qu , Haoqian Wang , Jing Xiao

FlashAttention improves efficiency through tiling, but its online softmax still relies on floating-point arithmetic for numerical stability, making full quantization difficult. We identify three main obstacles to integer-only…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-29 Sehyeon Oh , Yongin Kwon , Jemin Lee

The quadratic computation complexity of self-attention has been a persistent challenge when applying Transformer models to vision tasks. Linear attention, on the other hand, offers a much more efficient alternative with its linear…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-09-04 Dongchen Han , Xuran Pan , Yizeng Han , Shiji Song , Gao Huang

Transformer-based video diffusion models (VDMs) deliver state-of-the-art video generation quality but are constrained by the quadratic cost of self-attention, making long sequences and high resolutions computationally expensive. While…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-11-18 Mohsen Ghafoorian , Denis Korzhenkov , Amirhossein Habibian

Scaling Transformers to longer sequence lengths has been a major problem in the last several years, promising to improve performance in language modeling and high-resolution image understanding, as well as to unlock new applications in…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-07-18 Tri Dao

Recent advances in video diffusion models have shifted towards transformer-based architectures, achieving state-of-the-art video generation but at the cost of quadratic attention complexity, which severely limits scalability for longer…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-01-09 Mohsen Ghafoorian , Amirhossein Habibian

Attention mechanisms, primarily designed to capture pairwise correlations between words, have become the backbone of machine learning, expanding beyond natural language processing into other domains. This growth in adaptation comes at the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-09-27 Sheng-Chun Kao , Suvinay Subramanian , Gaurav Agrawal , Amir Yazdanbakhsh , Tushar Krishna

Recently, it has been argued that encoder-decoder models can be made more interpretable by replacing the softmax function in the attention with its sparse variants. In this work, we introduce a novel, simple method for achieving sparsity in…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-10-07 Biao Zhang , Ivan Titov , Rico Sennrich