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Mean field games (MFG) and mean field control (MFC) problems have been introduced to study large populations of strategic players. They correspond respectively to non-cooperative or cooperative scenarios, where the aim is to find the Nash…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2023-12-19 Rene Carmona , Gokce Dayanikli , Francois Delarue , Mathieu Lauriere

This paper considers mean field games in a multi-agent Markov decision process (MDP) framework. Each player has a continuum state and binary action, and benefits from the improvement of the condition of the overall population. Based on an…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2021-01-05 Minyi Huang , Yan Ma

The theory of mean field games aims at studying deterministic or stochastic differential games (Nash equilibria) as the number of agents tends to infinity. Since very few mean field games have explicit or semi-explicit solutions, numerical…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2020-03-11 Yves Achdou , Mathieu Laurière

In many real-world large-scale decision problems, self-interested agents have individual dynamics and optimize their own long-term payoffs. Important examples include the competitive access to shared resources (e.g., roads, energy, or…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2024-06-05 Ezzat Elokda , Saverio Bolognani , Andrea Censi , Florian Dörfler , Emilio Frazzoli

In this paper we study iterative procedures for stationary equilibria in games with large number of players. Most of learning algorithms for games with continuous action spaces are limited to strict contraction best reply maps in which the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2012-10-18 Hamidou Tembine , Raul Tempone , Pedro Vilanova

Mean Field Control (MFC) is a powerful approximation tool to solve large-scale Multi-Agent Reinforcement Learning (MARL) problems. However, the success of MFC relies on the presumption that given the local states and actions of all the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-05-30 Washim Uddin Mondal , Vaneet Aggarwal , Satish V. Ukkusuri

Macroeconomic outcomes emerge from individuals' decisions, making it essential to model how agents interact with macro policy via consumption, investment, and labor choices. We formulate this as a dynamic Stackelberg game: the government…

Theoretical Economics · Economics 2025-06-03 Qirui Mi , Zhiyu Zhao , Chengdong Ma , Siyu Xia , Yan Song , Mengyue Yang , Jun Wang , Haifeng Zhang

We consider a class of mean field games in which the agents interact through both their states and controls, and we focus on situations in which a generic agent tries to adjust her speed (control) to an average speed (the average is made in…

Analysis of PDEs · Mathematics 2020-03-10 Y Achdou , Z Kobeissi

Scalability remains a challenge in multi-agent reinforcement learning and is currently under active research. A framework named mean-field reinforcement learning (MFRL) could alleviate the scalability problem by employing the Mean Field…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-02-21 Hao Ma , Zhiqiang Pu , Yi Pan , Boyin Liu , Junlong Gao , Zhenyu Guo

While the topic of mean-field games (MFGs) has a relatively long history, heretofore there has been limited work concerning algorithms for the computation of equilibrium control policies. In this paper, we develop a computable policy…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2020-04-07 Muhammad Aneeq uz Zaman , Kaiqing Zhang , Erik Miehling , Tamer Başar

Real economies can be modeled as a sequential imperfect-information game with many heterogeneous agents, such as consumers, firms, and governments. Dynamic general equilibrium (DGE) models are often used for macroeconomic analysis in this…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2022-02-25 Michael Curry , Alexander Trott , Soham Phade , Yu Bai , Stephan Zheng

The interplay between exploration and exploitation in competitive multi-agent learning is still far from being well understood. Motivated by this, we study smooth Q-learning, a prototypical learning model that explicitly captures the…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2021-06-25 Stefanos Leonardos , Georgios Piliouras , Kelly Spendlove

Mean field games (MFGs) offer a versatile framework for modeling large-scale interactive systems across multiple domains. This paper builds upon a previous work, by developing a state-of-the-art unified approach to decode or design the…

Analysis of PDEs · Mathematics 2025-01-22 Hongyu Liu , Catharine W. K. Lo

Recent advances in mean-field game literature enable the reduction of large-scale multi-agent problems to tractable interactions between a representative agent and a population distribution. However, existing approaches typically assume a…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2026-02-17 Bhavini Jeloka , Yue Guan , Panagiotis Tsiotras

While multi-agent reinforcement learning (MARL) has been proven effective across both collaborative and competitive tasks, existing algorithms often struggle to scale to large populations of agents. Recent advancements in mean-field (MF)…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2026-02-16 Bhavini Jeloka , Yue Guan , Panagiotis Tsiotras

Federated learning offers a decentralized approach to machine learning, where multiple agents collaboratively train a model while preserving data privacy. In this paper, we investigate the decision-making and equilibrium behavior in…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2025-03-13 Lihui Yi , Xiaochun Niu , Ermin Wei

Computing market equilibria is a problem of both theoretical and applied interest. Much research to date focuses on the case of static Fisher markets with full information on buyers' utility functions and item supplies. Motivated by…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2021-10-05 Yuan Gao , Christian Kroer , Alex Peysakhovich

Financial markets and more generally macro-economic models involve a large number of individuals interacting through variables such as prices resulting from the aggregate behavior of all the agents. Mean field games have been introduced to…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2021-07-12 René Carmona , Mathieu Laurière

Many applications, e.g., in shared mobility, require coordinating a large number of agents. Mean-field reinforcement learning addresses the resulting scalability challenge by optimizing the policy of a representative agent interacting with…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-12-29 Matej Jusup , Barna Pásztor , Tadeusz Janik , Kenan Zhang , Francesco Corman , Andreas Krause , Ilija Bogunovic

Even when confronted with the same data, agents often disagree on a model of the real-world. Here, we address the question of how interacting heterogenous agents, who disagree on what model the real-world follows, optimize their trading…

Mathematical Finance · Quantitative Finance 2019-12-13 Philippe Casgrain , Sebastian Jaimungal