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With the increasing adoption of vision-language models (VLMs) in critical decision-making systems such as healthcare or autonomous driving, the calibration of their uncertainty estimates becomes paramount. Yet, this dimension has been…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-05-28 Leo Fillioux , Omprakash Chakraborty , Ismail Ben Ayed , Paul-Henry Cournède , Stergios Christodoulidis , Maria Vakalopoulou , Jose Dolz

Driven by large-scale contrastive vision-language pre-trained models such as CLIP, recent advancements in the image-text matching task have achieved remarkable success in representation learning. Due to image-level visual-language…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-07-15 Mengxiao Tian , Xinxiao Wu , Shuo Yang

Vision-language models (VLMs) such as CLIP exhibit strong zero-shot generalization but remain sensitive to domain shifts at test time. Test-time prompt tuning (TPT) mitigates this issue by adapting prompts with fixed augmentations, which…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-12-16 Yuqing Lei , Yingjun Du , Yawen Huang , Xiantong Zhen , Ling Shao

Prompt tuning methods for Graph Neural Networks (GNNs) have become popular to address the semantic gap between pre-training and fine-tuning steps. However, existing GNN prompting methods rely on labeled data and involve lightweight…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-05-23 Peyman Baghershahi , Sourav Medya

Pre-trained Vision-Language Models (VLMs), like CLIP, exhibit strong generalization ability to downstream tasks but struggle in few-shot scenarios. Existing prompting techniques primarily focus on global text and image representations, yet…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-07-12 Xin Liu , Jiamin Wu , and Wenfei Yang , Xu Zhou , Tianzhu Zhang

Soft prompt learning has recently emerged as one of the methods of choice for adapting V&L models to a downstream task using a few training examples. However, current methods significantly overfit the training data, suffering from large…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-04-04 Adrian Bulat , Georgios Tzimiropoulos

Continual learning (CL) enables deep networks to acquire new knowledge while avoiding catastrophic forgetting. The powerful generalization ability of pre-trained models (PTMs), such as the Contrastive Language-Image Pre-training (CLIP)…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-12-22 Haodong Lu , Xinyu Zhang , Kristen Moore , Jason Xue , Lina Yao , Anton van den Hengel , Dong Gong

Large pre-trained vision-language models such as CLIP have demonstrated great potential in zero-shot transferability to downstream tasks. However, to attain optimal performance, the manual selection of prompts is necessary to improve…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-09-17 Thi Minh Anh Pham , An Duc Nguyen , Cephas Svosve , Vasileios Argyriou , Georgios Tzimiropoulos

Reinforcement learning with verifiable rewards has significantly advanced reasoning in large language models (LLMs), but such signals remain coarse, offering only binary correctness feedback. This limitation often results in inefficiencies,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-20 Peixuan Han , Adit Krishnan , Gerald Friedland , Jiaxuan You , Chris Kong

Prompt learning has become one of the most efficient paradigms for adapting large pre-trained vision-language models to downstream tasks. Current state-of-the-art methods, like CoOp and ProDA, tend to adopt soft prompts to learn an…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-03-31 Sifan Long , Zhen Zhao , Junkun Yuan , Zichang Tan , Jiangjiang Liu , Luping Zhou , Shengsheng Wang , Jingdong Wang

Prompt-based fine-tuning has boosted the performance of Pre-trained Language Models (PLMs) on few-shot text classification by employing task-specific prompts. Yet, PLMs are unfamiliar with prompt-style expressions during pre-training, which…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-05-12 Jianing Wang , Chengyu Wang , Fuli Luo , Chuanqi Tan , Minghui Qiu , Fei Yang , Qiuhui Shi , Songfang Huang , Ming Gao

Pre-trained vision-language models are able to interpret visual concepts and language semantics. Prompt learning, a method of constructing prompts for text encoders or image encoders, elicits the potentials of pre-trained models and readily…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-02-21 Zhenhan Huang , Tejaswini Pedapati , Pin-Yu Chen , Jianxi Gao

Zero-shot learning (ZSL) aims at recognizing classes for which no visual sample is available at training time. To address this issue, one can rely on a semantic description of each class. A typical ZSL model learns a mapping between the…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-09-29 Celina Hanouti , Hervé Le Borgne

Continual learning (CL) has attracted increasing attention in the recent past. It aims to mimic the human ability to learn new concepts without catastrophic forgetting. While existing CL methods accomplish this to some extent, they are…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-06-16 Zhiyuan Hu , Jiancheng Lyu , Dashan Gao , Nuno Vasconcelos

Few-shot adaptation of vision-language models (VLMs) like CLIP typically relies on learning textual prompts matched to global image embeddings. Recent works extend this paradigm by incorporating local image-text alignment to capture…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-03-10 Deniz Kizaroğlu , Ülku Tuncer Küçüktas , Emre Çakmakyurdu , Alptekin Temizel

Vision-language models (VLM) have demonstrated impressive performance in image recognition by leveraging self-supervised training on large datasets. Their performance can be further improved by adapting to the test sample using test-time…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-07-01 Ramya Hebbalaguppe , Tamoghno Kandar , Abhinav Nagpal , Chetan Arora

Vision-language models (VLMs) like CLIP excel in zero-shot learning by aligning image and text representations through contrastive pretraining. Existing approaches to unsupervised adaptation (UA) for fine-grained classification with VLMs…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-07-15 Eman Ali , Sathira Silva , Chetan Arora , Muhammad Haris Khan

We present a novel language-driven ordering alignment method for ordinal classification. The labels in ordinal classification contain additional ordering relations, making them prone to overfitting when relying solely on training data.…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-10-24 Rui Wang , Peipei Li , Huaibo Huang , Chunshui Cao , Ran He , Zhaofeng He

Instruction tuning (IT) achieves impressive zero-shot generalization results by training large language models (LLMs) on a massive amount of diverse tasks with instructions. However, how to select new tasks to improve the performance and…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-11-02 Po-Nien Kung , Fan Yin , Di Wu , Kai-Wei Chang , Nanyun Peng

With the emergence of Transformers and Vision-Language Models (VLMs) such as CLIP, fine-tuning large pre-trained models has recently become a prevalent strategy in Continual Learning. This has led to the development of numerous prompting…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-10-29 Emanuele Frascaroli , Aniello Panariello , Pietro Buzzega , Lorenzo Bonicelli , Angelo Porrello , Simone Calderara
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