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A key challenge for abstractive summarization is ensuring factual consistency of the generated summary with respect to the original document. For example, state-of-the-art models trained on existing datasets exhibit entity hallucination,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-02-19 Feng Nan , Ramesh Nallapati , Zhiguo Wang , Cicero Nogueira dos Santos , Henghui Zhu , Dejiao Zhang , Kathleen McKeown , Bing Xiang

Hallucinations, defined as instances where Large Language Models (LLMs) generate false or misleading content, pose a significant challenge that impacts the safety and trust of downstream applications. We introduce UQLM, a Python package for…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-03-05 Dylan Bouchard , Mohit Singh Chauhan , David Skarbrevik , Ho-Kyeong Ra , Viren Bajaj , Zeya Ahmad

Large Language Models (LLMs) frequently exhibit hallucinations, generating content that appears fluent and coherent but is factually incorrect. Such errors undermine trust and hinder their adoption in real-world applications. To address…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-12-03 Weihang Su , Jianming Long , Changyue Wang , Shiyu Lin , Jingyan Xu , Ziyi Ye , Qingyao Ai , Yiqun Liu

Large Language Models (LLMs) are widely used in industry but remain prone to hallucinations, limiting their reliability in critical applications. This work addresses hallucination reduction in consumer grievance chatbots built using LLaMA…

As LLM-based agents operate over sequential multi-step reasoning, hallucinations arising at intermediate steps risk propagating along the trajectory, thus degrading overall reliability. Unlike hallucination detection in single-turn…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-01-13 Xuannan Liu , Xiao Yang , Zekun Li , Peipei Li , Ran He

Prior works have shown that fine-tuning on new knowledge can induce factual hallucinations in large language models (LLMs), leading to incorrect outputs when evaluated on previously known information. However, the specific manifestations of…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-20 Renfei Dang , Peng Hu , Zhejian Lai , Changjiang Gao , Min Zhang , Shujian Huang

Despite their vast capabilities, Large Language Models (LLMs) often struggle with generating reliable outputs, frequently producing high-confidence inaccuracies known as hallucinations. Addressing this challenge, our research introduces…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-06-19 Mohammad Beigi , Ying Shen , Runing Yang , Zihao Lin , Qifan Wang , Ankith Mohan , Jianfeng He , Ming Jin , Chang-Tien Lu , Lifu Huang

Faithfulness hallucinations are claims generated by a Large Language Model (LLM) not supported by contexts provided to the LLM. Lacking assessment standards, existing benchmarks focus on "factual statements" that rephrase source materials…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-26 Xiaqiang Tang , Jian Li , Keyu Hu , Du Nan , Xiaolong Li , Xi Zhang , Weigao Sun , Sihong Xie

Hallucinations are a common issue that undermine the reliability of large language models (LLMs). Recent studies have identified a specific subset of hallucinations, known as confabulations, which arise due to predictive uncertainty of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-24 Mykyta Ielanskyi , Kajetan Schweighofer , Lukas Aichberger , Sepp Hochreiter

The Large Visual Language Models (LVLMs) enhances user interaction and enriches user experience by integrating visual modality on the basis of the Large Language Models (LLMs). It has demonstrated their powerful information processing and…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-10-22 Wei Lan , Wenyi Chen , Qingfeng Chen , Shirui Pan , Huiyu Zhou , Yi Pan

Hallucinations, the generation of apparently convincing yet false statements, remain a major barrier to the safe deployment of LLMs. Building on the strong performance of self-detection methods, we examine the use of structured knowledge…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-12-30 Sahil Kale , Antonio Luca Alfeo

Despite the outstanding performance in multimodal tasks, Large Vision-Language Models (LVLMs) have been plagued by the issue of hallucination, i.e., generating content that is inconsistent with the corresponding visual inputs. While…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-02-26 Bei Yan , Jie Zhang , Zheng Yuan , Shiguang Shan , Xilin Chen

Hallucinations in large language models (LLMs) pose significant safety concerns that impede their broader deployment. Recent research in hallucination detection has demonstrated that LLMs' internal representations contain truthfulness…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-11-11 Mengjia Niu , Hamed Haddadi , Guansong Pang

Hallucination, a phenomenon where large language models (LLMs) produce output that is factually incorrect or unrelated to the input, is a major challenge for LLM applications that require accuracy and dependability. In this paper, we…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-04-01 Song Wang , Xun Wang , Jie Mei , Yujia Xie , Sean Muarray , Zhang Li , Lingfeng Wu , Si-Qing Chen , Wayne Xiong

Hallucination detection is a challenging task for large language models (LLMs), and existing studies heavily rely on powerful closed-source LLMs such as GPT-4. In this paper, we propose an autonomous LLM-based agent framework, called…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-06-18 Xiaoxue Cheng , Junyi Li , Wayne Xin Zhao , Hongzhi Zhang , Fuzheng Zhang , Di Zhang , Kun Gai , Ji-Rong Wen

Uncertainty quantification has emerged as an effective approach to closed-book hallucination detection for LLMs, but existing methods are largely designed for short-form outputs and do not generalize well to long-form generation. We…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-02-20 Dylan Bouchard , Mohit Singh Chauhan , Viren Bajaj , David Skarbrevik

Large language models (LLMs) have demonstrated remarkable performance in text generation and knowledge-intensive question answering. Nevertheless, they are prone to producing hallucinated content, which severely undermines their reliability…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-03-09 Shize Liang , Hongzhi Wang

Hallucinations in LLMs present a critical barrier to their reliable usage. Existing research usually categorizes hallucination by their external properties rather than by the LLMs' underlying internal properties. This external focus…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-29 Adi Simhi , Jonathan Herzig , Itay Itzhak , Dana Arad , Zorik Gekhman , Roi Reichart , Fazl Barez , Gabriel Stanovsky , Idan Szpektor , Yonatan Belinkov

Language models, particularly generative models, are susceptible to hallucinations, generating outputs that contradict factual knowledge or the source text. This study explores methods for detecting hallucinations in three SemEval-2024 Task…

Multimodal hallucination in multimodal large language models (MLLMs) restricts the correctness of MLLMs. However, multimodal hallucinations are multi-sourced and arise from diverse causes. Existing benchmarks fail to adequately distinguish…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-06-03 Bowen Dong , Minheng Ni , Zitong Huang , Guanglei Yang , Wangmeng Zuo , Lei Zhang
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