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Automata learning has many applications in artificial intelligence and software engineering. Central to these applications is the $L^*$ algorithm, introduced by Angluin. The $L^*$ algorithm learns deterministic finite-state automata (DFAs)…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-11-18 Sebastian Hagedorn , Martín Muñoz , Cristian Riveros , Rodrigo Toro Icarte

Finite automata (FA) are a fundamental computational abstraction that is widely used in practice for various tasks in computer science, linguistics, biology, electrical engineering, and artificial intelligence. Given an input word, an FA…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-04-22 Jaime Cuartas Granada , Alexey Ignatiev , Peter J. Stuckey

We introduce the class of P-finite automata. These are a generalisation of weighted automata, in which the weights of transitions can depend polynomially on the length of the input word. P-finite automata can also be viewed as simple…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2023-10-24 Alex Buna-Marginean , Vincent Cheval , Mahsa Shirmohammadi , James Worrell

We introduce layered automata, a subclass of alternating parity automata that generalises deterministic automata. Assuming a consistency property, these automata are history deterministic and 0-1 probabilistic. We show that every…

Formal Languages and Automata Theory · Computer Science 2026-01-23 Antonio Casares , Christof Löding , Igor Walukiewicz

We define a new subclass of nondeterministic finite automata for prefix-closed languages called Flanked Finite Automata (FFA). We show that this class enjoys good complexity properties while preserving the succinctness of nondeterministic…

Formal Languages and Automata Theory · Computer Science 2015-09-23 Florent Avellaneda , Silvano Dal Zilio , Jean-Baptiste Raclet

Traditionally, finite automata theory has been used as a framework for the representation of possibly infinite sets of strings. In this work, we introduce the notion of second-order finite automata, a formalism that combines finite automata…

Formal Languages and Automata Theory · Computer Science 2021-08-31 Alexsander Andrade de Melo , Mateus de Oliveira Oliveira

This paper is the extended version of On the Complexity of Infinite Advice Strings (ICALP 2018). We investigate a notion of comparison between infinite strings. In a general way, if M is a computation model (e.g. Turing machines) and C a…

Formal Languages and Automata Theory · Computer Science 2018-07-19 Gaëtan Douéneau-Tabot

Automata admitting at most one accepting run per structure, known as unambiguous automata, find applications in verification of reactive systems as they extend the class of deterministic automata whilst maintaining some of their desirable…

Formal Languages and Automata Theory · Computer Science 2026-03-03 Anton Chernev , Corina Cîrstea , Helle Hvid Hansen , Clemens Kupke

Automata over infinite alphabets have recently come to be studied extensively as potentially useful tools for solving problems in verification and database theory. One popular model of automata studied is the Class Memory Automata (CMA),…

Formal Languages and Automata Theory · Computer Science 2014-12-01 Conrad Cotton-Barratt , Andrzej Murawski , Luke Ong

Forest automata (FA) have recently been proposed as a tool for shape analysis of complex heap structures. FA encode sets of tree decompositions of heap graphs in the form of tuples of tree automata. In order to allow for representing…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2013-04-23 Lukas Holik , Ondrej Lengal , Adam Rogalewicz , Jiri Simacek , Tomas Vojnar

Timed systems, such as timed automata, are usually analyzed using their operational semantics on timed words. The classical region abstraction for timed automata reduces them to (untimed) finite state automata with the same time-abstract…

Formal Languages and Automata Theory · Computer Science 2023-06-22 S. Akshay , Paul Gastin , Shankara Narayanan Krishna

History-deterministic automata are those in which nondeterministic choices can be correctly resolved stepwise: there is a strategy to select a continuation of a run given the next input letter so that if the overall input word admits some…

Formal Languages and Automata Theory · Computer Science 2026-04-01 Soumyajit Paul , David Purser , Sven Schewe , Qiyi Tang , Patrick Totzke , Di-De Yen

Data words with binders formalize concurrently allocated memory. Most name-binding mechanisms in formal languages, such as the $\lambda$-calculus, adhere to properly nested scoping. In contrast, stateful programming languages with explicit…

Formal Languages and Automata Theory · Computer Science 2026-03-26 Simon Prucker , Stefan Milius , Lutz Schröder

Positive data languages are languages over an infinite alphabet closed under possibly non-injective renamings of data values. Informally, they model properties of data words expressible by assertions about equality, but not inequality, of…

Formal Languages and Automata Theory · Computer Science 2023-07-24 Florian Frank , Stefan Milius , Henning Urbat

We propose an algorithm for schema-based determinization of finite automata on words and of step-wise hedge automata on nested words. The idea is to integrate schema-based cleaning directly into automata determinization. We prove the…

Formal Languages and Automata Theory · Computer Science 2022-09-22 Joachim Niehren , Momar Sakho , Antonio Al Serhali

Non-deterministic Finite Automata (NFA) represent regular languages concisely, increasing their appeal for applications such as word recognition. This paper proposes a new approach to generate NFA from an interaction language such as UML…

Formal Languages and Automata Theory · Computer Science 2023-08-04 Erwan Mahe , Boutheina Bannour , Christophe Gaston , Arnault Lapitre , Pascale Le Gall

We develop a generic reduction procedure for active learning problems. Our approach is inspired by a recent polynomial-time reduction of the exact learning problem for weighted automata over integers to that for weighted automata over…

Formal Languages and Automata Theory · Computer Science 2025-10-14 Quentin Aristote , Sam van Gool , Daniela Petrişan , Mahsa Shirmohammadi

Many of the numerous automaton models proposed in the literature can be regarded as a finite automaton equipped with an additional storage mechanism. In this thesis, we focus on two such models, namely the finite automata over groups and…

Formal Languages and Automata Theory · Computer Science 2019-12-30 Özlem Salehi

We introduce homing vector automata, which are finite automata augmented by a vector that is multiplied at each step by a matrix determined by the current transition, and have to return the vector to its original setting in order to accept…

Formal Languages and Automata Theory · Computer Science 2017-08-01 Özlem Salehi , A. C. Cem Say , Flavio D'Alessandro

We examine inkdots placed on the input string as a way of providing advice to finite automata, and establish the relations between this model and the previously studied models of advised finite automata. The existence of an infinite…

Formal Languages and Automata Theory · Computer Science 2023-06-22 Uğur Küçük , A. C. Cem Say , Abuzer Yakaryılmaz