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Models are increasing in size and complexity in the hunt for SOTA. But what if those 2\% increase in performance does not make a difference in a production use case? Maybe benefits from a smaller, faster model outweigh those slight…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-04-12 Krzysztof Rajda , Łukasz Augustyniak , Piotr Gramacki , Marcin Gruza , Szymon Woźniak , Tomasz Kajdanowicz

The portrayal of negative emotions such as anger can vary widely between cultures and contexts, depending on the acceptability of expressing full-blown emotions rather than suppression to maintain harmony. The majority of emotional datasets…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-12-13 Roya Javadi , Angelica Lim

Annotated data have traditionally been used to provide the input for training a supervised machine learning (ML) model. However, current pre-trained ML models for natural language processing (NLP) contain embedded linguistic information…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-04-05 Abe Kazemzadeh

Emotion understanding is a core capability for LLMs to interact effectively with humans, yet existing evaluation paradigms rely on discrete emotion label prediction and fail to capture the cognitive processes underlying emotion generation.…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-19 Zhaoyue Sun , Hainiu Xu , Andero Uusberg , James J. Gross , Petr Slovak , Yulan He

Advancements in emotion aware language processing increasingly shape vital NLP applications ranging from conversational AI and affective computing to computational psychology and creative content generation. Existing emotion datasets either…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-04-14 Vishal Gandhi , Sagar Gandhi

Conversational data is essential in psychology because it can help researchers understand individuals cognitive processes, emotions, and behaviors. Utterance labelling is a common strategy for analyzing this type of data. The development of…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-08-16 Maria Laricheva , Chiyu Zhang , Yan Liu , Guanyu Chen , Terence Tracey , Richard Young , Giuseppe Carenini

Emotion recognition is inherently ambiguous, with uncertainty arising both from rater disagreement and from discrepancies across modalities such as speech and text. There is growing interest in modeling rater ambiguity using label…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-01-27 Jingyao Wu , Grace Lin , Yinuo Song , Rosalind Picard

Named Entity Recognition(NER) for low-resource languages aims to produce robust systems for languages where there is limited labeled training data available, and has been an area of increasing interest within NLP. Data augmentation for…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-02-16 Gaurav Kamath , Sowmya Vajjala

Human emotions can be inferred from facial expressions. However, the annotations of facial expressions are often highly noisy in common emotion coding models, including categorical and dimensional ones. To reduce human labelling effort on…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2020-11-25 Siwei Zhang , Zhiwu Huang , Danda Pani Paudel , Luc Van Gool

People use language for various purposes. Apart from sharing information, individuals may use it to express emotions or to show respect for another person. In this paper, we focus on the formality level of machine-generated translations and…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-05-21 Dawid Wiśniewski , Zofia Rostek , Artur Nowakowski

Large language models (LLMs) show promise in offering emotional support and generating empathetic responses for individuals in distress, but their ability to deliver culturally sensitive support remains underexplored due to a lack of…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-01-21 Chen Cecilia Liu , Hiba Arnaout , Nils Kovačić , Dana Atzil-Slonim , Iryna Gurevych

Current medical language model (LM) benchmarks often over-simplify the complexities of day-to-day clinical practice tasks and instead rely on evaluating LMs on multiple-choice board exam questions. In psychiatry especially, these challenges…

Developing benchmark datasets for low-resource languages poses significant challenges, primarily due to the limited availability of native linguistic experts and the substantial time and cost involved in annotation. Given these challenges,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-28 Rahul Ranjan , Mahendra Kumar Gurve , Anuj , Nitin , Yamuna Prasad

Large Language Models (LLMs) are increasingly being integrated into various medical fields, including mental health support systems. However, there is a gap in research regarding the effectiveness of LLMs in non-English mental health…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-02-10 Konstantinos Skianis , John Pavlopoulos , A. Seza Doğruöz

LLM use in annotation is becoming widespread, and given LLMs' overall promising performance and speed, simply "reviewing" LLM annotations in interpretive tasks can be tempting. In subjective annotation tasks with multiple plausible answers,…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2025-07-22 Hope Schroeder , Deb Roy , Jad Kabbara

AI assistants that interact with users over time need to interpret the user's current emotional state in order to respond appropriately and personally. However, this capability remains insufficiently evaluated. Existing emotion datasets…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-04-09 Deliang Wen , Ke Sun , Yu Wang

With the rapid advancement of Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs), they have demonstrated exceptional capabilities across a variety of vision-language tasks. However, current evaluation benchmarks predominantly focus on objective…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-09-24 Haokun Li , Yazhou Zhang , Jizhi Ding , Qiuchi Li , Peng Zhang

Advances in Natural Language Processing (NLP) have revolutionized the way researchers and practitioners address crucial societal problems. Large language models are now the standard to develop state-of-the-art solutions for text detection…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-05-20 Gaurav Verma , Rohit Mujumdar , Zijie J. Wang , Munmun De Choudhury , Srijan Kumar

Annotation bias in NLP datasets remains a major challenge for developing multilingual Large Language Models (LLMs), particularly in culturally diverse settings. Bias from task framing, annotator subjectivity, and cultural mismatches can…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-11-19 Xia Cui , Ziyi Huang , Naeemeh Adel

Sentiment analysis plays a crucial role in understanding the sentiment expressed in text data. While sentiment analysis research has been extensively conducted in English and other Western languages, there exists a significant gap in…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-10-03 Aabha Pingle , Aditya Vyawahare , Isha Joshi , Rahul Tangsali , Geetanjali Kale , Raviraj Joshi