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Aligning human preference and value is an important requirement for contemporary foundation models. State-of-the-art techniques such as Reinforcement Learning from Human Feedback (RLHF) often consist of two stages: 1) supervised fine-tuning…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-10-29 Jiaxiang Li , Siliang Zeng , Hoi-To Wai , Chenliang Li , Alfredo Garcia , Mingyi Hong

Using learned reward functions (LRFs) as a means to solve sparse-reward reinforcement learning (RL) tasks has yielded some steady progress in task-complexity through the years. In this work, we question whether today's LRFs are best-suited…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-08-24 Ademi Adeniji , Amber Xie , Carmelo Sferrazza , Younggyo Seo , Stephen James , Pieter Abbeel

Reinforcement learning (RL) requires skillful definition and remarkable computational efforts to solve optimization and control problems, which could impair its prospect. Introducing human guidance into reinforcement learning is a promising…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-11-30 Jingda Wu , Zhiyu Huang , Wenhui Huang , Chen Lv

In social impact optimization, AI decision systems often rely on solvers that optimize well-calibrated mathematical objectives. However, these solvers cannot directly accommodate evolving human preferences, typically expressed in natural…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-09-23 Guojun Xiong , Milind Tambe

Reinforcement Learning from Human Feedback (\textbf{RLHF}) has emerged as a dominant approach for aligning LLM outputs with human preferences. Inspired by the success of RLHF, we study the performance of multiple algorithms that learn from…

Vision-Language Navigation (VLN) is a core challenge in embodied AI, requiring agents to navigate real-world environments using natural language instructions. Current language model-based navigation systems operate on discrete topological…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-06-26 Zhangyang Qi , Zhixiong Zhang , Yizhou Yu , Jiaqi Wang , Hengshuang Zhao

Reinforcement Learning from Human Feedback (RLHF) has emerged as a powerful approach for aligning generative models, but its reliance on learned reward models makes it vulnerable to mis-specification and reward hacking. Preference-based…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-23 Akhil Agnihotri , Rahul Jain , Deepak Ramachandran , Zheng Wen

An important application of interactive machine learning is extending or amplifying the cognitive and physical capabilities of a human. To accomplish this, machines need to learn about their human users' intentions and adapt to their…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2016-06-10 Vivek Veeriah , Patrick M. Pilarski , Richard S. Sutton

The rapid growth of autonomous driving datasets has enabled the scaling of powerful motion forecasting models. While large-scale pretraining provides strong performance, the standard imitation objective may not fully capture the complex…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-05-20 Zhefan Xu , Ghassen Jerfel , Marina Haliem , Qi Zhao , Jeonhyung Kang , Khaled S. Refaat

Agentic reinforcement learning (Agentic RL) has achieved strong progress in tasks with clear success signals. However, many real-world agent applications require user-conditioned behavior: the same query may call for different planning…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-25 Ranxu zhang , zeyang li , Jiacheng Huang , Rui Zhang , Xiaozhou Xu , sun zhe , Yanyong Zhang , Chao Wang

This paper introduces VLAP, a novel approach that bridges pretrained vision models and large language models (LLMs) to make frozen LLMs understand the visual world. VLAP transforms the embedding space of pretrained vision models into the…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-04-16 Jungin Park , Jiyoung Lee , Kwanghoon Sohn

Reinforcement learning from human feedback (RLHF) has emerged as a central framework for aligning large language models (LLMs) with human preferences. Despite its practical success, RLHF raises fundamental statistical questions because it…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2026-04-06 Pangpang Liu , Chengchun Shi , Will Wei Sun

Pre-trained Vision-Language Models (VLMs) are able to understand visual concepts, describe and decompose complex tasks into sub-tasks, and provide feedback on task completion. In this paper, we aim to leverage these capabilities to support…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-02-08 David Venuto , Sami Nur Islam , Martin Klissarov , Doina Precup , Sherry Yang , Ankit Anand

Reinforcement learning (RL) can refine Vision-Language-Action (VLA) policies beyond behavior cloning, but real-world RL remains expensive due to extensive rollouts, resets, supervision, and safety risks. Action-conditioned video world…

Robotics · Computer Science 2026-05-26 Xiaokang Liu , Zechen Bai , Hai Ci , Kevin Yuchen Ma , Mike Zheng Shou

Dexterous robotic hands are essential for performing complex manipulation tasks, yet remain difficult to train due to the challenges of demonstration collection and high-dimensional control. While reinforcement learning (RL) can alleviate…

Despite recent advances in Large Video Language Models (LVLMs), they still struggle with fine-grained temporal understanding, hallucinate, and often make simple mistakes on even simple video question-answering tasks, all of which pose…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-09-30 Pritam Sarkar , Ali Etemad

Aligning language models (LMs) based on human-annotated preference data is a crucial step in obtaining practical and performant LM-based systems. However, multilingual human preference data are difficult to obtain at scale, making it…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-15 Zhaofeng Wu , Ananth Balashankar , Yoon Kim , Jacob Eisenstein , Ahmad Beirami

Large Visual Language Models (LVLMs) increasingly rely on preference alignment to ensure reliability, which steers the model behavior via preference fine-tuning on preference data structured as ``image - winner text - loser text'' triplets.…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-03-10 Kejia Chen , Jiawen Zhang , Jiacong Hu , Jiazhen Yang , Jian Lou , Zunlei Feng , Mingli Song

Large Language Models (LLMs) exhibit remarkably powerful capabilities. One of the crucial factors to achieve success is aligning the LLM's output with human preferences. This alignment process often requires only a small amount of data to…

Preference datasets are essential for training general-domain, instruction-following language models with Reinforcement Learning from Human Feedback (RLHF). Each subsequent data release raises expectations for future data collection,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-27 Zhilin Wang , Jiaqi Zeng , Olivier Delalleau , Hoo-Chang Shin , Felipe Soares , Alexander Bukharin , Ellie Evans , Yi Dong , Oleksii Kuchaiev
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