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A major problem with Active Learning (AL) is high training costs since models are typically retrained from scratch after every query round. We start by demonstrating that standard AL on neural networks with warm starting fails, both to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-12-14 Arnav Das , Gantavya Bhatt , Megh Bhalerao , Vianne Gao , Rui Yang , Jeff Bilmes

Augmenting large language models (LLMs) with external tools has emerged as a promising approach to extend their utility, enabling them to solve practical tasks. Previous methods manually parse tool documentation and create in-context…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-03-05 Zhengliang Shi , Shen Gao , Lingyong Yan , Yue Feng , Xiuyi Chen , Zhumin Chen , Dawei Yin , Suzan Verberne , Zhaochun Ren

Recent work exploring the capabilities of pre-trained large language models (LLMs) has demonstrated their ability to act as general pattern machines by completing complex token sequences representing a wide array of tasks, including…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2024-03-25 Seyed Parsa Neshaei , Richard Lee Davis , Adam Hazimeh , Bojan Lazarevski , Pierre Dillenbourg , Tanja Käser

Student simulation presents a transformative approach to enhance learning outcomes, advance educational research, and ultimately shape the future of effective pedagogy. We explore the feasibility of using large language models (LLMs), a…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2023-10-31 Songlin Xu , Xinyu Zhang

Recently, tool learning with large language models (LLMs) has emerged as a promising paradigm for augmenting the capabilities of LLMs to tackle highly complex problems. Despite growing attention and rapid advancements in this field, the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-11-05 Changle Qu , Sunhao Dai , Xiaochi Wei , Hengyi Cai , Shuaiqiang Wang , Dawei Yin , Jun Xu , Ji-Rong Wen

Supervised learning relies on data annotation which usually is time-consuming and therefore expensive. A longstanding strategy to reduce annotation costs is active learning, an iterative process, in which a human annotates only data…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-02-03 Julia Romberg , Christopher Schröder , Julius Gonsior , Katrin Tomanek , Fredrik Olsson

Large Language Models (LLMs) offer a promising solution to complement traditional teaching and address global teacher shortages that affect hundreds of millions of children, but they fail to provide grade-appropriate responses for students…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2026-03-09 Jio Oh , Steven Euijong Whang , James Evans , Jindong Wang

Active learning (AL) has emerged as a crucial methodology for minimizing labeling costs in deep learning by selecting the most valuable samples from a pool of unlabeled data for annotation. Traditional AL operates under a closed-set…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-23 Zongyao Lyu , William J. Beksi

Large Language Models (LLMs) encapsulate an extensive amount of world knowledge, and this has enabled their application in various domains to improve the performance of a variety of Natural Language Processing (NLP) tasks. This has also…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-04-30 Sina Gholamian , Domingo Huh

Human behavior expression and experience are inherently multi-modal, and characterized by vast individual and contextual heterogeneity. To achieve meaningful human-computer and human-robot interactions, multi-modal models of the users…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-06-10 Ognjen Rudovic , Meiru Zhang , Bjorn Schuller , Rosalind W. Picard

In many real-world machine learning applications, unlabeled samples are easy to obtain, but it is expensive and/or time-consuming to label them. Active learning is a common approach for reducing this data labeling effort. It optimally…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-11-15 Ziang Liu , Dongrui Wu

Large language models (LLMs) have significantly advanced in various fields and intelligent agent applications. However, current LLMs that learn from human or external model supervision are costly and may face performance ceilings as task…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-06-04 Zhengwei Tao , Ting-En Lin , Xiancai Chen , Hangyu Li , Yuchuan Wu , Yongbin Li , Zhi Jin , Fei Huang , Dacheng Tao , Jingren Zhou

This paper presents an innovative exploration of the application potential of large language models (LLM) in addressing the challenging task of automatically generating behavior trees (BTs) for complex tasks. The conventional manual BT…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-01-17 Fu Li , Xueying Wang , Bin Li , Yunlong Wu , Yanzhen Wang , Xiaodong Yi

Large Language Models (LLMs) are catalyzing a paradigm shift in scientific discovery, evolving from task-specific automation tools into increasingly autonomous agents and fundamentally redefining research processes and human-AI…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-09-18 Tianshi Zheng , Zheye Deng , Hong Ting Tsang , Weiqi Wang , Jiaxin Bai , Zihao Wang , Yangqiu Song

The landscape of education is changing rapidly, shaped by emerging pedagogical approaches, technological innovations such as artificial intelligence (AI), and evolving societal expectations, all of which demand thorough evaluation of new…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2026-03-19 Fiammetta Caccavale , Carina L. Gargalo , Julian Kager , Magdalena Skowyra , Steen Larsen , Krist V. Gernaey , Ulrich Krühne

Active learning (AL) has demonstrated remarkable potential in reducing the annotation effort required for training machine learning models. However, despite the surging popularity of natural language generation (NLG) tasks in recent years,…

Natural language processing (NLP) and neural networks (NNs) have both undergone significant changes in recent years. For active learning (AL) purposes, NNs are, however, less commonly used -- despite their current popularity. By using the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-08-18 Christopher Schröder , Andreas Niekler

Large language models (LLMs) have substantially advanced machine learning research, including natural language processing, computer vision, data mining, etc., yet they still exhibit critical limitations in explainability, reliability,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-09-19 Xin Wang , Haoyang Li , Haibo Chen , Zeyang Zhang , Wenwu Zhu

When SE data is scarce, "active learners" use models learned from tiny samples of the data to find the next most informative example to label. In this way, effective models can be generated using very little data. For multi-objective…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-01-03 Lohith Senthilkumar , Tim Menzies

Prevalent supervised learning methods in natural language processing (NLP) are notoriously data-hungry, which demand large amounts of high-quality annotated data. In practice, acquiring such data is a costly endeavor. Recently, the superior…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-11-01 Ruoyu Zhang , Yanzeng Li , Yongliang Ma , Ming Zhou , Lei Zou