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Partial label learning (PLL) is an important problem that allows each training example to be labeled with a coarse candidate set, which well suits many real-world data annotation scenarios with label ambiguity. Despite the promise, the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-12-01 Haobo Wang , Ruixuan Xiao , Yixuan Li , Lei Feng , Gang Niu , Gang Chen , Junbo Zhao

Complementary-label learning (CLL) is widely used in weakly supervised classification, but it faces a significant challenge in real-world datasets when confronted with class-imbalanced training samples. In such scenarios, the number of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-03-21 Meng Wei , Yong Zhou , Zhongnian Li , Xinzheng Xu

In the context of noisy partial label learning (NPLL), each training sample is associated with a set of candidate labels annotated by multiple noisy annotators. With the emergence of high-performance pre-trained vision-language models…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-01-30 Qian-Wei Wang , Yaguang Song , Shu-Tao Xia

Active learning (AL) is a promising ML paradigm that has the potential to parse through large unlabeled data and help reduce annotation cost in domains where labeling data can be prohibitive. Recently proposed neural network based AL…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-06-17 Prateek Munjal , Nasir Hayat , Munawar Hayat , Jamshid Sourati , Shadab Khan

In the weakly supervised learning paradigm, labeling functions automatically assign heuristic, often noisy, labels to data samples. In this work, we provide a method for learning from weak labels by separating two types of complementary…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-10-26 Andreas Stephan , Vasiliki Kougia , Benjamin Roth

Existing Partial Label Learning (PLL) methods posit that training and test data adhere to the same distribution, a premise that frequently does not hold in practical application where Out-of-Distribution (OOD) objects are present. We…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-03-13 Jintao Huang , Yiu-Ming Cheung , Chi-Man Vong

Training deep neural networks requires many training samples, but in practice training labels are expensive to obtain and may be of varying quality, as some may be from trusted expert labelers while others might be from heuristics or other…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2018-05-24 Mostafa Dehghani , Arash Mehrjou , Stephan Gouws , Jaap Kamps , Bernhard Schölkopf

Multi-label classification is a widely encountered problem in daily life, where an instance can be associated with multiple classes. In theory, this is a supervised learning method that requires a large amount of labeling. However,…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-08-02 XIn Zhang , Yuqi Song , Fei Zuo , Xiaofeng Wang

Multi-label image classification aims to predict all possible labels in an image. It is usually formulated as a partial-label learning problem, given the fact that it could be expensive in practice to annotate all labels in every training…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-08-23 Rabab Abdelfattah , Xin Zhang , Zhenyao Wu , Xinyi Wu , Xiaofeng Wang , Song Wang

Complementary-Label Learning (CLL) is a weakly-supervised learning problem that aims to learn a multi-class classifier from only complementary labels, which indicate a class to which an instance does not belong. Existing approaches mainly…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-04-12 Wei-I Lin , Hsuan-Tien Lin

Partial label learning (PLL) is a typical weakly supervised learning, where each sample is associated with a set of candidate labels. Its basic assumption is that the ground-truth label must be in the candidate set, but this assumption may…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-10-09 Zheng Lian , Mingyu Xu , Lan Chen , Licai Sun , Bin Liu , Lei Feng , Jianhua Tao

Complementary-label Learning (CLL) is a form of weakly supervised learning that trains an ordinary classifier using only complementary labels, which are the classes that certain instances do not belong to. While existing CLL studies…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-05-16 Wei-I Lin , Gang Niu , Hsuan-Tien Lin , Masashi Sugiyama

Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs) provide excellent performance when used for image classification. The classical method of training CNNs is by labeling images in a supervised manner as in "input image belongs to this label" (Positive…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-08-21 Youngdong Kim , Junho Yim , Juseung Yun , Junmo Kim

Instance-dependent Partial Label Learning (ID-PLL) aims to learn a multi-class predictive model given training instances annotated with candidate labels related to features, among which correct labels are hidden fixed but unknown. The…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-10-29 Congyu Qiao , Ning Xu , Yihao Hu , Xin Geng

Supervised machine learning often requires human-annotated data. While annotator disagreement is typically interpreted as evidence of noise, population-level label distribution learning (PLDL) treats the collection of annotations for each…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-06-22 Tharindu Cyril Weerasooriya , Tong Liu , Christopher M. Homan

Although significant progress achieved, multi-label classification is still challenging due to the complexity of correlations among different labels. Furthermore, modeling the relationships between input and some (dull) classes further…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2020-08-18 Junbing Li , Changqing Zhang , Pengfei Zhu , Baoyuan Wu , Lei Chen , Qinghua Hu

Real-world data usually couples the label ambiguity and heavy imbalance, challenging the algorithmic robustness of partial label learning (PLL) and long-tailed learning (LT). The straightforward combination of LT and PLL, i.e., LT-PLL,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-02-13 Feng Hong , Jiangchao Yao , Zhihan Zhou , Ya Zhang , Yanfeng Wang

Partial-label learning (PLL) relies on a key assumption that the true label of each training example must be in the candidate label set. This restrictive assumption may be violated in complex real-world scenarios, and thus the true label of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-12-12 Shuo He , Lei Feng , Guowu Yang

Multi-label learning often requires identifying all relevant labels for training instances, but collecting full label annotations is costly and labor-intensive. In many datasets, only a single positive label is annotated per training…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-09-16 Misgina Tsighe Hagos , Claes Lundström

Partial label learning (PLL) is a typical weakly supervised learning problem, where each training example is associated with a set of candidate labels among which only one is true. Most existing PLL approaches assume that the incorrect…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-02-02 Congyu Qiao , Ning Xu , Xin Geng