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Questions are essential tools for acquiring the necessary information to complete information-seeking tasks. However, large language models (LLMs), especially open-source models, often perform poorly in generating informative questions, as…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-18 Davide Mazzaccara , Alberto Testoni , Raffaella Bernardi

In computational cognitive modeling, capturing the full spectrum of human judgment and decision-making processes, beyond just optimal behaviors, is a significant challenge. This study explores whether Large Language Models (LLMs) can…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-02-24 Animesh Nighojkar , Bekhzodbek Moydinboyev , My Duong , John Licato

Large language models (LLMs) can serve as judges that offer rapid and reliable assessments of other LLM outputs. However, models may systematically assign overly favorable ratings to their own outputs, a phenomenon known as self-bias, which…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-08-12 Evangelia Spiliopoulou , Riccardo Fogliato , Hanna Burnsky , Tamer Soliman , Jie Ma , Graham Horwood , Miguel Ballesteros

General-purpose Large Language Models (LLMs) are becoming widely adopted by people for mental health support. Yet emerging evidence suggests there are significant risks associated with high-frequency use, particularly for individuals…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-06 May Lynn Reese , Markela Zeneli , Mindy Ng , Jacob Haimes , Andreea Damien , Elizabeth Stade

Effective judges of Vision-Language Models (VLMs) are crucial for model development. Current methods for training VLM judges mainly rely on large-scale human preference annotations. However, such an approach is costly, and the annotations…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-12-08 Inna Wanyin Lin , Yushi Hu , Shuyue Stella Li , Scott Geng , Pang Wei Koh , Luke Zettlemoyer , Tim Althoff , Marjan Ghazvininejad

Large Reasoning Models (LRMs) like DeepSeek-R1 and OpenAI-o1 have demonstrated remarkable reasoning capabilities, raising important questions about their biases in LLM-as-a-judge settings. We present a comprehensive benchmark comparing…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2025-04-21 Qian Wang , Zhanzhi Lou , Zhenheng Tang , Nuo Chen , Xuandong Zhao , Wenxuan Zhang , Dawn Song , Bingsheng He

Automated text evaluation has long been a central issue in Natural Language Processing (NLP). Recently, the field has shifted toward using Large Language Models (LLMs) as evaluators-a trend known as the LLM-as-a-Judge paradigm. While…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-07-29 Mohammad Ghiasvand Mohammadkhani , Hamid Beigy

Large language models (LLMs) are increasingly integral to information retrieval (IR), powering ranking, evaluation, and AI-assisted content creation. This widespread adoption necessitates a critical examination of potential biases arising…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2025-07-11 Krisztian Balog , Donald Metzler , Zhen Qin

Automatic prompt optimization is an important approach to improving the performance of large language models (LLMs). Recent research demonstrates the potential of using LLMs as prompt optimizers, which can generate improved task prompts via…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-01-28 Xinyu Tang , Xiaolei Wang , Wayne Xin Zhao , Siyuan Lu , Yaliang Li , Ji-Rong Wen

Diffusion large language models (dLLMs) are promising alternatives to autoregressive large language models (AR-LLMs), as they potentially allow higher inference throughput. Reinforcement learning (RL) is a crucial component for dLLMs to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-24 Yuchen Zhu , Wei Guo , Jaemoo Choi , Petr Molodyk , Bo Yuan , Molei Tao , Yongxin Chen

Large Language Models (LLMs) optimized to output truthful answers often overfit, producing brittle reasoning that fails to generalize. While persuasion-based optimization has shown promise in debate settings, it has not been systematically…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-10-21 Aksel Joonas Reedi , Corentin Léger , Julien Pourcel , Loris Gaven , Perrine Charriau , Guillaume Pourcel

Aligning the output of Large Language Models (LLMs) with human preferences (e.g., by means of reinforcement learning with human feedback, or RLHF) is essential for ensuring their effectiveness in real-world scenarios. Despite significant…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-10-23 Pietro Bernardelle , Gianluca Demartini

This paper explores the seamless integration of Generative AI (GenAI) and Evolutionary Algorithms (EAs) within the domain of large-scale multi-objective optimization. Focusing on the transformative role of Large Language Models (LLMs), our…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2024-05-14 Gaurav Singh , Kavitesh Kumar Bali

Reliable evaluation of large language models (LLMs) is critical as their deployment rapidly expands, particularly in high-stakes domains such as business and finance. The LLM-as-a-Judge framework, which uses prompted LLMs to evaluate…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-03 Michael Krumdick , Charles Lovering , Varshini Reddy , Seth Ebner , Chris Tanner

Large Language Models (LLMs) are widely used as judges to evaluate response quality, providing a scalable alternative to human evaluation. However, most LLM judges operate solely on intrinsic text-based reasoning, limiting their ability to…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-02-24 Ran Xu , Jingjing Chen , Jiayu Ye , Yu Wu , Jun Yan , Carl Yang , Hongkun Yu

Recent advances in large language models (LLMs) have made reasoning a central benchmark for evaluating intelligence. While prior surveys focus on efficiency by examining how to shorten reasoning chains or reduce computation, this view…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-04-01 Chao Wu , Baoheng Li , Mingchen Gao , Yu Tian , Zhenyi Wang

Logical reasoning is a key task for artificial intelligence due to it's role in major downstream tasks such as Question Answering, Summarization. Recent methods in improving the reasoning ability of LLMs fall short in correctly converting a…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-06-24 Koushik Viswanadha , Deepanway Ghosal , Somak Aditya

Mathematical reasoning is a fundamental capability for large language models (LLMs), yet achieving high performance in this domain remains a significant challenge. The auto-regressive generation process often makes LLMs susceptible to…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-12-02 Xiaoxuan Lou , Chaojie Wang , Bo An

Recent studies have shown that large language models' (LLMs) mathematical problem-solving capabilities can be enhanced by integrating external tools, such as code interpreters, and employing multi-turn Chain-of-Thought (CoT) reasoning.…

LLMs are increasingly employed both as judges for evaluating open-ended outputs and as co-creation partners in AI-assisted programming; yet rigorous evaluation in human-AI co-creation settings remains underdeveloped as judgments must be…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-05-01 Md Faizul Ibne Amin , Yutaka Watanobe , Daniel M. Muepu , Haruto Suzuki , Kenta Nanaumi , Md Mostafizer Rahman