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Transformer is a powerful architecture that achieves superior performance on various sequence learning tasks, including neural machine translation, language understanding, and sequence prediction. At the core of the Transformer is the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-11-13 Yao-Hung Hubert Tsai , Shaojie Bai , Makoto Yamada , Louis-Philippe Morency , Ruslan Salakhutdinov

The widespread 'deeper is better' philosophy has driven the creation of architectures like ResNet and Transformer, which achieve high performance by stacking numerous layers. However, increasing model depth comes with challenges such as…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-25 Wei Wang , Xiao-Yong Wei , Qing Li

Transformer architectures deliver state-of-the-art accuracy via dense full-attention, but their quadratic time and memory complexity with respect to sequence length limits practical deployment. Linear attention mechanisms offer linear or…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-01-21 Xiaojie Xia , Huigang Zhang , Chaoliang Zhong , Jun Sun , Yusuke Oishi

Transformers have recently shown superior performances on various vision tasks. The large, sometimes even global, receptive field endows Transformer models with higher representation power over their CNN counterparts. Nevertheless, simply…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-05-25 Zhuofan Xia , Xuran Pan , Shiji Song , Li Erran Li , Gao Huang

This paper studies how Transformer models with Rotary Position Embeddings (RoPE) develop emergent, wavelet-like properties that compensate for the positional encoding's theoretical limitations. Through an analysis spanning model scales,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-06-06 Valeria Ruscio , Umberto Nanni , Fabrizio Silvestri

Transformer-based models are becoming a central paradigm in autonomous driving because they can capture long-range spatial dependencies, multi-agent interactions, and multimodal context across perception, prediction, and planning. At the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-13 Juan Zhong , Yuhang Shi , Zukang Xu , Xi Chen

The exponential growth in parameter size and computational complexity of deep models poses significant challenges for efficient deployment. The core problem of existing compression methods is that different layers of the model have…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-12-24 Boyang Zhang , Daning Cheng , Yunquan Zhang , Meiqi Tu , Fangming Liu , Jiake Tian

Hyperspectral imaging (HSI) captures hundreds of narrow, contiguous wavelength bands, making it a powerful tool in biology, agriculture, and environmental monitoring. However, interpreting Vision Transformers (ViTs) in this setting remains…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-04-28 Xi Xiao , Aristeidis Tsaris , Anika Tabassum , John Lagergren , Larry M. York , Tianyang Wang , Xiao Wang

Representations derived from models such as BERT (Bidirectional Encoder Representations from Transformers) and HuBERT (Hidden units BERT), have helped to achieve state-of-the-art performance in dimensional speech emotion recognition.…

Sound · Computer Science 2023-12-29 Vikramjit Mitra , Jingping Nie , Erdrin Azemi

Point cloud processing methods leverage local and global point features %at the feature level to cater to downstream tasks, yet they often overlook the task-level context inherent in point clouds during the encoding stage. We argue that…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-01-30 Yong He , Hongshan Yu , Chaoxu Mu , Mingtao Feng , Tongjia Chen , Zechuan Li , Anwaar Ulhaq , Ajmal Mian

Transformer-based pre-trained language models, such as BERT, achieve great success in various natural language understanding tasks. Prior research found that BERT captures a rich hierarchy of linguistic information at different layers.…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-07-17 Qian Chen , Wen Wang , Qinglin Zhang , Chong Deng , Ma Yukun , Siqi Zheng

The computer vision community has witnessed an extensive exploration of vision transformers in the past two years. Drawing inspiration from traditional schemes, numerous works focus on introducing vision-specific inductive biases. However,…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-04-10 Hao Wang , Shuo Zhang , Biao Leng

Vision transformer has achieved impressive performance for many vision tasks. However, it may suffer from high redundancy in capturing local features for shallow layers. Local self-attention or early-stage convolutions are thus utilized,…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-01-26 Huaibo Huang , Xiaoqiang Zhou , Jie Cao , Ran He , Tieniu Tan

Transposed convolution is crucial for generating high-resolution outputs, yet has received little attention compared to convolution layers. In this work we revisit transposed convolution and introduce a novel layer that allows us to place…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-10-19 Stefano B. Blumberg , Daniele Raví , Mou-Cheng Xu , Matteo Figini , Iasonas Kokkinos , Daniel C. Alexander

To address the challenges of table structure recognition, we propose a novel Split-Merge-based top-down model optimized for large, densely populated tables. Our approach formulates row and column splitting as sequence labeling tasks,…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-10-20 Qiyu Hou , Jun Wang

The embodied intelligence bridges the physical world and information space. As its typical physical embodiment, humanoid robots have shown great promise through robot learning algorithms in recent years. In this study, a hardware platform,…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-10-17 Jiaxin Huang , Hanyu Liu , Yunsheng Ma , Jian Shen , Yilin Zheng , Jiayi Wen , Baishu Wan , Pan Li , Zhigong Song

While hyperspectral imaging provides rich spatial-spectral information across hundreds of narrow wavelength bands for precise material identification, ground-based hyperspectral pre-trained backbones remain absent, constrained by varying…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-05-29 Guanyiman Fu , Jingtao Li , Zihang Cheng , Zhuanfeng Li , Diqi Chen , Yan Xu , Xiangyu Liu , Fengchao Xiong , Jianfeng Lu , Chengrong Chen , Jun Zhou

Spatial functional organization is a hallmark of biological brains: neurons are arranged topographically according to their response properties, at multiple scales. In contrast, representations within most machine learning models lack…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-22 Taha Binhuraib , Greta Tuckute , Nicholas Blauch

We develop a mathematical framework that interprets Transformer attention as an interacting particle system and studies its continuum (mean-field) limits. By idealizing attention on the sphere, we connect Transformer dynamics to Wasserstein…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-02 Philippe Rigollet

While Transformers have achieved remarkable success in LLMs through superior scalability, their application in industrial-scale ranking models remains nascent, hindered by the challenges of high feature sparsity and low label density. In…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2026-03-05 Chunqi Wang , Bingchao Wu , Taotian Pang , Jiahao Wang , Jie Yang , Jia Liu , Hao Zhang , Hai Zhu , Lei Shen , Shizhun Wang , Bing Wang , Xiaoyi Zeng