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Document forgery poses a growing threat to legal, economic, and governmental processes, requiring increasingly sophisticated verification mechanisms. One approach involves the use of plausibility checks, rule-based procedures that assess…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-12-23 Valentin Schmidberger , Manuel Eberhardinger , Setareh Maghsudi , Johannes Maucher

Research in uncertainty quantification (UQ) for large language models (LLMs) is increasingly important towards guaranteeing the reliability of this groundbreaking technology. We explore the integration of LLM UQ methods in argumentative…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-08 Kevin Zhou , Adam Dejl , Gabriel Freedman , Lihu Chen , Antonio Rago , Francesca Toni

Objective: This study investigates the potential of Large Language Models (LLMs) as an alternative to human expert elicitation for extracting structured causal knowledge and facilitating causal modeling in biometric and healthcare…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-04-15 Olha Shaposhnyk , Daria Zahorska , Svetlana Yanushkevich

While Large Language Models (LLMs) demonstrate impressive capabilities, they still struggle with generating factually incorrect content (i.e., hallucinations). A promising approach to mitigate this issue is enabling models to express…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-05 Ruihan Yang , Caiqi Zhang , Zhisong Zhang , Xinting Huang , Sen Yang , Nigel Collier , Dong Yu , Deqing Yang

In the absence of abundant reliable annotations for challenging tasks and contexts, how can we expand the frontier of LLM capabilities with potentially wrong answers? We focus on two research questions: (1) Can LLMs generate reliable…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-16 Jihan Yao , Wenxuan Ding , Shangbin Feng , Lucy Lu Wang , Yulia Tsvetkov

Despite widespread success in language understanding and generation, large language models (LLMs) exhibit unclear and often inconsistent behavior when faced with tasks that require probabilistic reasoning. In this work, we present the first…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-09-29 Mobina Pournemat , Keivan Rezaei , Gaurang Sriramanan , Arman Zarei , Jiaxiang Fu , Yang Wang , Hamid Eghbalzadeh , Soheil Feizi

Large Language Models (LLMs) are one of the most promising developments in the field of artificial intelligence, and the software engineering community has readily noticed their potential role in the software development life-cycle.…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-03-16 Greta Dolcetti , Vincenzo Arceri , Eleonora Iotti , Sergio Maffeis , Agostino Cortesi , Enea Zaffanella

Although large language models (LLMs) have been largely successful in generating functionally correct programs, conditioning models to produce efficient solutions while ensuring correctness remains a challenge. Further, unreliability in…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-11 Siddhant Waghjale , Vishruth Veerendranath , Zora Zhiruo Wang , Daniel Fried

There has been a recent explosion of research on Large Language Models (LLMs) for software engineering tasks, in particular code generation. However, results from LLMs can be highly unstable; nondeterministically returning very different…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2024-10-18 Shuyin Ouyang , Jie M. Zhang , Mark Harman , Meng Wang

Complex multi-step reasoning tasks, such as solving mathematical problems, remain challenging for large language models (LLMs). While outcome supervision is commonly used, process supervision via process reward models (PRMs) provides…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-02-18 Zihuiwen Ye , Luckeciano Carvalho Melo , Younesse Kaddar , Phil Blunsom , Sam Staton , Yarin Gal

Code completion entails the task of providing missing tokens given a surrounding context. It can boost developer productivity while providing a powerful code discovery tool. Following the Large Language Model (LLM) wave, code completion has…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-04-30 Zoe Kotti , Konstantina Dritsa , Diomidis Spinellis , Panos Louridas

In many applications of LLMs, natural language responses often have an underlying structure such as representing discrete labels, numerical values, or graphs. Yet, existing decoding and uncertainty estimation methods operate only in…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-25 Tim Tomov , Dominik Fuchsgruber , Stephan Günnemann

Understanding the uncertainty in large language model (LLM) explanations is important for evaluating their faithfulness and reasoning consistency, and thus provides insights into the reliability of LLM's output regarding a question. In this…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-09-16 Longchao Da , Xiaoou Liu , Jiaxin Dai , Lu Cheng , Yaqing Wang , Hua Wei

Automatic code generation has gained significant momentum with the advent of Large Language Models (LLMs) such as GPT-4. Although many studies focus on improving the effectiveness of LLMs for code generation, very limited work tries to…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-06-02 Melika Sepidband , Hamed Taherkhani , Song Wang , Hadi Hemmati

We present a practical framework for detecting errors in LLM-generated SQL by estimating uncertainty at the level of individual nodes in the query's abstract syntax tree (AST). Our approach proceeds in two stages. First, we introduce a…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-11-21 Hilaf Hasson , Ruocheng Guo

With the growing popularity of Large Language Models (LLMs) in software engineers' daily practices, it is important to ensure that the code generated by these tools is not only functionally correct but also free of vulnerabilities. Although…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2024-09-06 Mohammed Latif Siddiq , Joanna C. S. Santos , Sajith Devareddy , Anna Muller

The remarkable performance of large language models (LLMs) in content generation, coding, and common-sense reasoning has spurred widespread integration into many facets of society. However, integration of LLMs raises valid questions on…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-07-03 Ola Shorinwa , Zhiting Mei , Justin Lidard , Allen Z. Ren , Anirudha Majumdar

Large Language Models (LLMs) have demonstrated remarkable capabilities across various applications, fundamentally reshaping the landscape of natural language processing (NLP) research. However, recent evaluation frameworks often rely on the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-07-10 Chenyang Lyu , Minghao Wu , Alham Fikri Aji

Large Language Models (LLMs) have recently enabled natural language interfaces that translate user queries into executable SQL, offering a powerful solution for non-technical stakeholders to access structured data. However, one of the…

Applications · Statistics 2025-06-23 Jiekai Ma , Yikai Zhao

The rapid evolution of Large Language Model (LLM) inference systems has yielded significant efficiency improvements. However, our systematic analysis reveals that current evaluation methodologies frequently exhibit fundamental flaws, often…

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