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Smart contracts are a key component of the Web 3.0 ecosystem, widely applied in blockchain services and decentralized applications. However, the automated execution feature of smart contracts makes them vulnerable to potential attacks due…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-05-26 Yanli Jin , Chunpei Li , Peng Fan , Peng Liu , Xianxian Li , Chen Liu , Wangjie Qiu

As large language models (LLMs) become increasingly integrated into real-world applications such as code generation and chatbot assistance, extensive efforts have been made to align LLM behavior with human values, including safety.…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-07-29 Zhangchen Xu , Fengqing Jiang , Luyao Niu , Jinyuan Jia , Bill Yuchen Lin , Radha Poovendran

Recently emerging Decentralized Finance (DeFi) takes the promise of cryptocurrencies a step further, leveraging their decentralized networks to transform traditional financial products into trustless and transparent protocols that run…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2021-06-28 Bowen Liu , Pawel Szalachowski , Jianying Zhou

The increasing demand for domain-specific and human-aligned Large Language Models (LLMs) has led to the widespread adoption of Supervised Fine-Tuning (SFT) techniques. SFT datasets often comprise valuable instruction-response pairs, making…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-06-24 Zongjie Li , Daoyuan Wu , Shuai Wang , Zhendong Su

Decentralized Finance (DeFi) is reshaping traditional finance by enabling direct transactions without intermediaries, creating a rich source of open financial data. Layer 2 (L2) solutions are emerging to enhance the scalability and…

General Economics · Economics 2025-08-11 Nir Chemaya , Lin William Cong , Emma Jorgensen , Dingyue Liu , Luyao Zhang

The decentralized finance (DeFi) community has grown rapidly in recent years, pushed forward by cryptocurrency enthusiasts interested in the vast untapped potential of new markets. The surge in popularity of cryptocurrency has ushered in a…

Computational Engineering, Finance, and Science · Computer Science 2025-12-12 Adriana Watson , Grant Richards , Daniel Schiff

The rapid growth of decentralized finance (DeFi) has led to the widespread use of automated agents, or bots, within blockchain ecosystems like Ethereum, Binance Smart Chain, and Solana. While these bots enhance market efficiency and…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-01-22 Ahmed Mounsf Rafik Bendada , Abdelaziz Amara Korba , Mouhamed Amine Bouchiha , Yacine Ghamri-Doudane

Lending protocols are one of the main applications of Decentralized Finance (DeFi), enabling crypto-assets loan markets with a total value estimated in the tens of billions of dollars. Unlike traditional lending systems, these protocols…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2025-06-19 Massimo Bartoletti , Enrico Lipparini

Adversarial smart contracts, mostly on EVM-compatible chains like Ethereum and BSC, are deployed as EVM bytecode to exploit vulnerable smart contracts for financial gain. Detecting such malicious contracts at the time of deployment is an…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-11-17 Yating Liu , Xing Su , Hao Wu , Sijin Li , Yuxi Cheng , Fengyuan Xu , Sheng Zhong

We investigate the feasibility of employing large language models (LLMs) for conducting the security audit of smart contracts, a traditionally time-consuming and costly process. Our research focuses on the optimization of prompt engineering…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2023-06-23 Isaac David , Liyi Zhou , Kaihua Qin , Dawn Song , Lorenzo Cavallaro , Arthur Gervais

The advent of smart contracts has enabled the rapid rise of Decentralized Finance (DeFi) on the Ethereum blockchain, offering substantial rewards in financial innovation and inclusivity. This growth, however, is accompanied by significant…

Social and Information Networks · Computer Science 2026-05-05 Shabnam Fazliani , Mohammad Mowlavi Sorond , Arsalan Masoudifard

Decentralized Finance (DeFi) took shape in 2020. An unprecedented amount of over 14 billion USD moved into DeFi projects offering trading, loans and insurance. But its growth has also drawn the attention of malicious actors. Many projects…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2021-06-22 Kris Oosthoek

Fraud across the decentralized finance (DeFi) ecosystem is growing, with victims losing billions to DeFi scams every year. However, there is a disconnect between the reported value of these scams and associated legal prosecutions. We use…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2023-05-29 Arianna Trozze , Toby Davies , Bennett Kleinberg

Large language models (LLMs) have achieved impressive performance across natural language tasks and are increasingly deployed in real-world applications. Despite extensive safety alignment efforts, recent studies show that such alignment is…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-02-02 Yinzhi Zhao , Ming Wang , Shi Feng , Xiaocui Yang , Daling Wang , Yifei Zhang

As of August 2022, blockchain-based assets boast a combined market capitalisation exceeding one trillion USD, among which the most prominent are the decentralised autonomous organisation (DAO) tokens associated with decentralised finance…

General Economics · Economics 2025-05-08 Teng Andrea Xu , Jiahua Xu , Kristof Lommers

While parameter-efficient fine-tuning (PEFT) techniques like Low-Rank Adaptation (LoRA) offer computationally efficient adaptations of Large Language Models (LLMs), their practical deployment often assumes centralized data and training…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-08-25 Sajjad Ghiasvand , Mahnoosh Alizadeh , Ramtin Pedarsani

Smart contracts power decentralized financial (DeFi) services but are vulnerable to security exploits that can lead to significant financial losses. Existing security measures often fail to adequately protect these contracts due to the…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-04-22 Zhiyang Chen , Sidi Mohamed Beillahi , Pasha Barahimi , Cyrus Minwalla , Han Du , Andreas Veneris , Fan Long

Phishing websites pose a major cybersecurity threat, exploiting unsuspecting users and causing significant financial and organisational harm. Traditional machine learning approaches for phishing detection often require extensive feature…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-11-20 Georg Goldenits , Philip Koenig , Sebastian Raubitzek , Andreas Ekelhart

Decentralized finance (DeFi) in Ethereum is a financial ecosystem built on the blockchain that has locked over 200 billion USD until April 2022. All transaction information is transparent and open when transacting through the DeFi protocol,…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2022-05-20 Wenkai Li , Jiuyang Bu , Xiaoqi Li , Xianyi Chen

Defense in large language models (LLMs) is crucial to counter the numerous attackers exploiting these systems to generate harmful content through manipulated prompts, known as jailbreak attacks. Although many defense strategies have been…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-12-11 Bocheng Chen , Hanqing Guo , Qiben Yan