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The problem of how to take the right actions to make profits in sequential process continues to be difficult due to the quick dynamics and a significant amount of uncertainty in many application scenarios. In such complicated environments,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-10-03 Zhendong Shi , Xiaoli Wei , Ercan E. Kuruoglu

A broad use case of large language models (LLMs) is in goal-directed decision-making tasks (or "agent" tasks), where an LLM needs to not just generate completions for a given prompt, but rather make intelligent decisions over a multi-turn…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-03-01 Yifei Zhou , Andrea Zanette , Jiayi Pan , Sergey Levine , Aviral Kumar

Tabular data serves as the backbone of modern data analysis and scientific research. While Large Language Models (LLMs) fine-tuned via Supervised Fine-Tuning (SFT) have significantly improved natural language interaction with such…

Large language models (LLMs) show promise for personalized financial recommendations but are hampered by context limits, hallucinations, and a lack of behavioral grounding. Our prior work, FLARKO, embedded structured knowledge graphs (KGs)…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-11-18 Fernando Spadea , Oshani Seneviratne

Financial sentiment analysis is crucial for trading and investment decision-making. This study introduces an adaptive retrieval augmented framework for Large Language Models (LLMs) that aligns with human instructions through Instruction…

Computational Engineering, Finance, and Science · Computer Science 2024-10-22 Zijie Zhao , Roy E. Welsch

Recent advances in large language models (LLMs) have enabled multi-agent reasoning systems capable of collaborative decision-making. However, in financial analysis, most frameworks remain narrowly focused on either isolated single-agent…

Computational Engineering, Finance, and Science · Computer Science 2025-10-28 Chen-Che Lu , Yun-Cheng Chou , Teng-Ruei Chen

Reinforcement Learning (RL) has enabled Large Language Models (LLMs) to acquire increasingly complex reasoning and agentic behaviors. In this work, we propose two simple techniques to improve policy gradient algorithms for LLMs. First, we…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-05 Lunjun Zhang , Jimmy Ba

Recent advances in Large Language Models (LLMs) have shown remarkable capabilities in financial reasoning and market understanding. Multi-agent LLM frameworks such as TradingAgent and FINMEM augment these models to long-horizon investment…

Computational Engineering, Finance, and Science · Computer Science 2025-09-30 Fei Xiong , Xiang Zhang , Aosong Feng , Siqi Sun , Chenyu You

Large Language Model (LLM) agents can leverage multiple turns and tools to solve complex tasks, with prompt-based approaches achieving strong performance. This work demonstrates that Reinforcement Learning (RL) can push capabilities…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-29 Vivek Kalyan , Martin Andrews

This paper presents a realistic simulated stock market where large language models (LLMs) act as heterogeneous competing trading agents. The open-source framework incorporates a persistent order book with market and limit orders, partial…

Computational Finance · Quantitative Finance 2025-04-16 Alejandro Lopez-Lira

In this paper, we introduce a method for fine-tuning Large Language Models (LLMs), inspired by Multi-Task learning in a federated manner. Our approach leverages the structure of each client's model and enables a learning scheme that…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-10-22 Ahmed Elbakary , Chaouki Ben Issaid , Tamer ElBatt , Karim Seddik , Mehdi Bennis

Large language models (LLMs) have exhibited an array of reasoning capabilities but face challenges like error propagation and hallucination, particularly in specialised areas like finance, where data is heterogeneous, and precision is…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-01-31 Adrian Theuma , Ehsan Shareghi

Recent research looks to harness the general knowledge and reasoning of large language models (LLMs) into agents that accomplish user-specified goals in interactive environments. Vision-language models (VLMs) extend LLMs to multi-modal data…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-05-07 Jake Grigsby , Yuke Zhu , Michael Ryoo , Juan Carlos Niebles

Large language models show promise for financial decision-making, yet deploying them as autonomous trading agents raises fundamental challenges: how to adapt instructions when rewards arrive late and obscured by market noise, how to…

Trading and Market Microstructure · Quantitative Finance 2026-05-21 Charidimos Papadakis , Angeliki Dimitriou , Giorgos Filandrianos , Maria Lymperaiou , Konstantinos Thomas , Giorgos Stamou

Reinforcement Learning (RL) in games has gained significant momentum in recent years, enabling the creation of different agent behaviors that can transform a player's gaming experience. However, deploying RL agents in production…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-07-01 António Afonso , Iolanda Leite , Alessandro Sestini , Florian Fuchs , Konrad Tollmar , Linus Gisslén

This paper presents a novel approach to e-commerce payment fraud detection by integrating reinforcement learning (RL) with Large Language Models (LLMs). By framing transaction risk as a multi-step Markov Decision Process (MDP), RL optimizes…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-09-24 Bo Qu , Zhurong Wang , Daisuke Yagi , Zhen Xu , Yang Zhao , Yinan Shan , Frank Zahradnik

Despite being pretrained on multilingual corpora, large language models (LLMs) exhibit suboptimal performance on low-resource languages. Recent approaches have leveraged multilingual encoders alongside LLMs by introducing trainable…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-02-18 Zhiwen Ruan , Yixia Li , He Zhu , Longyue Wang , Weihua Luo , Kaifu Zhang , Yun Chen , Guanhua Chen

Financial trading has been a challenging task, as it requires the integration of vast amounts of data from various modalities. Traditional deep learning and reinforcement learning methods require large training data and often involve…

Trading and Market Microstructure · Quantitative Finance 2024-11-15 Sorouralsadat Fatemi , Yuheng Hu

Recent advances in product bundling have leveraged multimodal information through sophisticated encoders, but remain constrained by limited semantic understanding and a narrow scope of knowledge. Therefore, some attempts employ In-context…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2025-02-04 Xiaohao Liu , Jie Wu , Zhulin Tao , Yunshan Ma , Yinwei Wei , Tat-seng Chua

Recent works successfully leveraged Large Language Models' (LLM) abilities to capture abstract knowledge about world's physics to solve decision-making problems. Yet, the alignment between LLMs' knowledge and the environment can be wrong…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-02 Thomas Carta , Clément Romac , Thomas Wolf , Sylvain Lamprier , Olivier Sigaud , Pierre-Yves Oudeyer