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Large language models (LLMs) are revolutionizing education, with LLM-based agents playing a key role in simulating student behavior. A major challenge in student simulation is modeling the diverse learning patterns of students at various…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-08-12 Tao Wu , Jingyuan Chen , Wang Lin , Mengze Li , Yumeng Zhu , Ang Li , Kun Kuang , Fei Wu

Large language models (LLMs) are increasingly deployed as customer-facing agents, yet evaluating their reliability remains challenging due to stochastic, multi-turn interactions. Current evaluation protocols rely on linear Monte Carlo…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-04-24 Itay Nakash , George Kour , Ateret Anaby-Tavor

Large language models (LLMs) demonstrate strong potential as agents for tool invocation due to their advanced comprehension and planning capabilities. Users increasingly rely on LLM-based agents to solve complex missions through iterative…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-04-17 Peijie Yu , Yifan Yang , Jinjian Li , Zelong Zhang , Haorui Wang , Xiao Feng , Feng Zhang

Multimodal Large Language models (MLLMs) have shown promise in web-related tasks, but evaluating their performance in the web domain remains a challenge due to the lack of comprehensive benchmarks. Existing benchmarks are either designed…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-04-10 Junpeng Liu , Yifan Song , Bill Yuchen Lin , Wai Lam , Graham Neubig , Yuanzhi Li , Xiang Yue

Building a general model capable of analyzing human trajectories across different geographic regions and different tasks becomes an emergent yet important problem for various applications. However, existing works suffer from the…

Multimedia · Computer Science 2025-09-03 Shuo Liu , Di Yao , Yan Lin , Gao Cong , Jingping Bi

Building generalist agents that can handle diverse tasks and evolve themselves across different environments is a long-term goal in the AI community. Large language models (LLMs) are considered a promising foundation to build such agents…

Autonomous agents have recently achieved remarkable progress across diverse domains, yet most evaluations focus on short-horizon, fully observable tasks. In contrast, many critical real-world tasks, such as large-scale software development,…

The rapid progress in machine learning (ML) has brought forth many large language models (LLMs) that excel in various tasks and areas. These LLMs come with different abilities and costs in terms of computation or pricing. Since the demand…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-04-23 Quang H. Nguyen , Thinh Dao , Duy C. Hoang , Juliette Decugis , Saurav Manchanda , Nitesh V. Chawla , Khoa D. Doan

Can advanced multi-modal models effectively tackle complex web-based tasks? Such tasks are often found on crowdsourcing platforms, where crowdworkers engage in challenging micro-tasks within web-based environments. Building on this idea, we…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-02-25 Kevin Xu , Yeganeh Kordi , Tanay Nayak , Adi Asija , Yizhong Wang , Kate Sanders , Adam Byerly , Jingyu Zhang , Benjamin Van Durme , Daniel Khashabi

Large Language Models (LLMs) have facilitated the definition of autonomous intelligent agents. Such agents have already demonstrated their potential in solving complex tasks in different domains. And they can further increase their…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-06-30 Adem Ait , Javier Luis Cánovas Izquierdo , Jordi Cabot

Powered by a large language model (LLM), a web browsing agent operates web browsers in a human-like manner and offers a highly transparent path toward automating a wide range of everyday tasks. As web agents become increasingly capable and…

While Multimodal Large Language Models have achieved human-like performance on many visual and textual reasoning tasks, their proficiency in fine-grained spatial understanding, such as route tracing on maps remains limited. Unlike humans,…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-12-23 Artemis Panagopoulou , Aveek Purohit , Achin Kulshrestha , Soroosh Yazdani , Mohit Goyal

This paper focuses on extending the success of large language models (LLMs) to sequential decision making. Existing efforts either (i) re-train or finetune LLMs for decision making, or (ii) design prompts for pretrained LLMs. The former…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-06-17 Dingyang Chen , Qi Zhang , Yinglun Zhu

Large language models (LLMs) have advanced virtual educators and learners, bridging NLP with AI4Education. Existing work often lacks scalability and fails to leverage diverse, large-scale course content, with limited frameworks for…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-09-08 Jiahuan Pei , Fanghua Ye , Xin Sun , Wentao Deng , Koen Hindriks , Junxiao Wang

Extending the capabilities of Large Language Models (LLMs) with functions or tools for environment interaction has led to the emergence of the agent paradigm. In industry, training an LLM is not always feasible because of the scarcity of…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-01-14 Saptarshi Sengupta , Harsh Vashistha , Kristal Curtis , Akshay Mallipeddi , Abhinav Mathur , Joseph Ross , Liang Gou

With the rise of multimodal applications, instruction data has become critical for training multimodal language models capable of understanding complex image-based queries. Existing practices rely on powerful but costly large language…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-12-31 Jieyu Zhang , Le Xue , Linxin Song , Jun Wang , Weikai Huang , Manli Shu , An Yan , Zixian Ma , Juan Carlos Niebles , Silvio Savarese , Caiming Xiong , Zeyuan Chen , Ranjay Krishna , Ran Xu

Despite the potential of language model-based agents to solve real-world tasks such as web navigation, current methods still struggle with long-horizon tasks with complex action trajectories. In contrast, humans can flexibly solve complex…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-09-12 Zora Zhiruo Wang , Jiayuan Mao , Daniel Fried , Graham Neubig

LLM-based web agents have the potential to automate long-running web tasks, such as searching for products in multiple e-shops and subsequently ordering the cheapest products that meet the users needs. Benchmarks for evaluating web agents…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-01 Ralph Peeters , Aaron Steiner , Luca Schwarz , Julian Yuya Caspary , Christian Bizer

Large language models (LLMs) have shown remarkable potential as autonomous agents, particularly in web-based tasks. However, existing LLM web agents heavily rely on expensive proprietary LLM APIs, while open LLMs lack the necessary…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-01-28 Zehan Qi , Xiao Liu , Iat Long Iong , Hanyu Lai , Xueqiao Sun , Wenyi Zhao , Yu Yang , Xinyue Yang , Jiadai Sun , Shuntian Yao , Tianjie Zhang , Wei Xu , Jie Tang , Yuxiao Dong

From professional research to everyday planning, many tasks are bottlenecked by wide-scale information seeking, which is more repetitive than cognitively complex. With the rapid development of Large Language Models (LLMs), automated search…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-08-29 Ryan Wong , Jiawei Wang , Junjie Zhao , Li Chen , Yan Gao , Long Zhang , Xuan Zhou , Zuo Wang , Kai Xiang , Ge Zhang , Wenhao Huang , Yang Wang , Ke Wang