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Monolayers of anisotropic cells exhibit long-ranged orientational order and topological defects. During the development of organisms, orientational order often influences morphogenetic events. However, the linkage between the mechanics of…

Soft Condensed Matter · Physics 2021-01-20 Carles Blanch-Mercader , Pau Guillamat , Aurélien Roux , Karsten Kruse

We investigate the steady self-propelled motion of a rigid body immersed in a three-dimensional incompressible viscous fluid governed by the Navier-Stokes equations. The analysis is performed in a body-fixed reference frame, so that the…

Analysis of PDEs · Mathematics 2026-01-01 Sarka Necasova , Arnab Roy , Ana Leonor Silvestre

Topological defects are singularities in material fields that play a vital role across a range of systems: from cosmic microwave background polarization to superconductors, and biological materials. Although topological defects and their…

Soft Condensed Matter · Physics 2017-10-06 Luca Giomi , Žiga Kos , Miha Ravnik , Anupam Sengupta

Active matter locally converts chemical energy into mechanical work and, for this reason, it provides new mechanisms of pattern formation. In particular, active gels made of protein motors and filaments are far-from-equilibrium systems that…

We propose an ``active XY model'' that incorporates key elements of both the classical XY model and the Vicsek model to study the role of topological defects in active matter systems. This model features self-propelled particles with XY…

Soft Condensed Matter · Physics 2026-04-17 Shun Inoue , Satoshi Yukawa

Simulations employing the continuum model of Gao et al. [Phy. Rev. Fluids, 2 093302 (2017)] are used to study the transport of an object in a closed two-dimensional container by a dense suspension of contractile active agents. For…

Fluid Dynamics · Physics 2023-11-29 Jonathan B. Freund

Liquid crystals generally support orientational singularities of the director field known as topological defects. These latter modifiy transport properties in their vicinity as if the geometry was non-Euclidean. We present a state of the…

Soft Condensed Matter · Physics 2023-07-06 Sébastien Fumeron , Bertrand Berche , Fernando Moraes

Active forces occurring within cells can drive crucial biological processes that involve spontaneous organization and shape change, such as cell division. Motivated by recent in vitro experiments of nematic droplets of cytoskeletal…

Soft Condensed Matter · Physics 2021-02-16 Fabian Jan Schwarzendahl , Pierre Ronceray , Kimberly L. Weirich , Kinjal Dasbiswas

We investigate the dynamics of active nematic liquid crystals on deformable membranes, focusing on the interplay between active stress and anisotropic curvature coupling. Using a minimal model, we simulate the coupled evolution of the…

Soft Condensed Matter · Physics 2026-05-19 Yuki Hirota , Nariya Uchida

The emergence of hydrodynamic bend instabilities in ordered suspensions of active particles is widely observed across diverse living and synthetic systems, and is considered to be governed by dipolar active stresses generated by the…

Soft Condensed Matter · Physics 2026-01-09 Sameer Kumar , Niels de Graaf Sousa , Amin Doostmohammadi

In this PhD thesis, we study topological defects in two-dimensional non-equilibrium systems, focusing on active extensions of the XY model, including activity, mobility and non-reciprocity. In a noisy Kuramoto lattice with short-range…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2026-05-05 Ylann Rouzaire

Using novel micro-printing techniques, we develop a versatile experimental setup that allows us to study how lateral confinement tames the active flows and defect properties of the microtubule/kinesin active nematic system. We demonstrate…

We investigate the mechanics of an active droplet endowed with internal nematic order and surrounded by an isotropic Newtonian fluid. Using numerical simulations we demonstrate that, due to the interplay between the active stresses and the…

Soft Condensed Matter · Physics 2014-04-23 L. Giomi , A. DeSimone

Two nematic shells brought in contact coalesce in order to reduce their interfacial tension. This process proceeds through the creation of a liquid neck-like bridge through which the encapsulated fluid flows. Following this topological…

Soft Condensed Matter · Physics 2015-06-17 Badel L. Mbanga , Kate K. Voorhes , Timothy J. Atherton

Liquids composed of self-propelled particles have been experimentally realized using molecular, colloidal, or macroscopic constituents. These active liquids can flow spontaneously even in the absence of an external drive. Unlike spontaneous…

Soft Condensed Matter · Physics 2017-11-15 Anton Souslov , Benjamin C. van Zuiden , Denis Bartolo , Vincenzo Vitelli

In this work, we investigate the topological properties of knotted defects in smectic liquid crystals. Our story begins with screw dislocations, whose radial surface structure can be smoothly accommodated on $S^3$ for fibred knots by using…

Soft Condensed Matter · Physics 2025-06-16 Paul G. Severino , Randall D. Kamien , Benjamin Bode

We show that back-flow, the coupling between the order parameter and the velocity fields, has a significant effect on the motion of defects in nematic liquid crystals. In particular the defect speed can depend strongly on the topological…

Soft Condensed Matter · Physics 2007-05-23 Geza Toth , Colin Denniston , Julia M. Yeomans

We propose a reaction-diffusion system that converts topological information of an active nematic into chemical signals. We show that a curvature-activated reaction dipole is sufficient for creating a system that dynamically senses topology…

Soft Condensed Matter · Physics 2025-01-09 Michael M. Norton , Piyush Grover

We investigate the turbulent dynamics of a two-dimensional active nematic liquid crystal con- strained on a curved surface. Using a combination of hydrodynamic and particle-based simulations, we demonstrate that the fundamental structural…

Soft Condensed Matter · Physics 2019-05-01 D. J. G. Pearce , Perry W. Ellis , Alberto Fernandez-Nieves , L. Giomi

We analyze the phase behavior of lyotropic nematic liquid crystals in the self-organizing flow, viz. so called active nematics (AN). Their elastic properties are mutually caused by evolution of topological defects (for instance,…

Soft Condensed Matter · Physics 2018-02-20 L. V. Elnikova