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This study aims to enhance the generalizability of Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes (RANS) turbulence models, which are crucial for engineering applications. Classic RANS turbulence models often struggle to predict separated flows…

Fluid Dynamics · Physics 2025-09-03 Chenyu Wu , Shaoguang Zhang , Changxin Guo , Yufei Zhang

Turbulent flows have high requirements for very fine meshes near the boundary to ensure accuracy. In the context of topology optimization (TO), such fine meshes become unrealistic and common approaches are hampered by low accuracy and…

Fluid Dynamics · Physics 2026-01-06 Amirhossein Bayat , Hao Li , Joe Alexandersen

Data-driven correction of turbulence models offers a promising route for improving Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes (RANS) predictions, but quantifying uncertainty in such corrections and ensuring generalization across flows remain key…

Fluid Dynamics · Physics 2026-04-28 Tyler Buchanan , Ali Eidi , Richard P. Dwight

Despite their well-known limitations, Reynolds-Averaged Navier-Stokes (RANS) models are still the workhorse tools for turbulent flow simulations in today's engineering application. For many practical flows, the turbulence models are by far…

Computational Physics · Physics 2018-09-11 H. Xiao , J. -L. Wu , J. -X. Wang , R. Sun , C. J. Roy

Hypersonic flow conditions pose exceptional challenges for Reynolds-Averaged Navier-Stokes (RANS) turbulence modeling. Critical phenomena include compressibility effects, shock/turbulent boundary layer interactions, turbulence-chemistry…

Fluid Dynamics · Physics 2025-04-30 Pratikkumar Raje , Eric Parish , Jean-Pierre Hickey , Paola Cinnella , Karthik Duraisamy

This paper presents a machine learning methodology to improve the predictions of traditional RANS turbulence models in channel flows subject to strong variations in their thermophysical properties. The developed formulation contains several…

Fluid Dynamics · Physics 2022-10-28 Rafael Diez Sanhueza , Stephan Smit , Jurriaan Peeters , Rene Pecnik

The Reynolds Averaged Navier Stokes (RANS) models are the most common form of model in turbulence simulations. They are used to calculate Reynolds stress tensor and give robust results for engineering flows. But RANS model predictions have…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-03-17 Khashayar Nobarani , Seyed Esmaeil Razavi

In the present paper, an aerodynamic investigation of a high-speed train is performed. In the first section of this article, a generic high-speed train against a turbulent flow is simulated, numerically. The Reynolds-Averaged Navier-Stokes…

Traditional Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes (RANS) closures, based on the Boussinesq eddy viscosity hypothesis and calibrated on canonical flows, often yield inaccurate predictions of both mean flow and turbulence statistics. Here, we…

Reynolds-Averaged Navier-Stokes (RANS) models are widely used for turbulent flow simulations due to their computational efficiency, but their accuracy strongly depends on the selected turbulence closure and may vary across the flow domain.…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2026-03-18 Piero Zappi , Anna Ivagnes , Niccolò Tonicello , Gianluigi Rozza

This research explores several critical factors affecting CFD-based prediction accuracy of submarine hydrodynamics and builds upon previous work on preliminary mesh and solver benchmarking. A scaled submarine model is analyzed numerically…

Classical Physics · Physics 2025-10-07 Noh Zainal Abidin , Frederic Grondin , Pol Muller , Jean-François Sigrist

Cavitation is a highly turbulent, multi-phase flow phenomenon that manifests in the form of vapor cavities as a result of a sudden drop in the liquid pressure. The phenomenon has been observed as widely detrimental in hydraulic and marine…

Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes (RANS) turbulence models (such as k-\epsilon models) are still widely used for engineering applications because of their relatively simplicity and robustness. In fully developed plane channel flow (i.e. the…

Fluid Dynamics · Physics 2010-12-01 Najla El Gharbi , Rafik Absi , Ahmed Benzaoui

This work presents a review and perspectives on recent developments in the use of machine learning (ML) to augment Reynolds-averaged Navier--Stokes (RANS) and Large Eddy Simulation (LES) models of turbulent flows. Different approaches of…

Fluid Dynamics · Physics 2021-05-19 Karthik Duraisamy

This chapter provides an introduction to data-driven techniques for the development and calibration of closure models for the Reynolds-Averaged Navier--Stokes (RANS) equations. RANS models are the workhorse for engineering applications of…

Fluid Dynamics · Physics 2024-04-16 Paola Cinnella

To fully evaluate a turbulent flow, Direct Numerical Simulation (DNS) is the most accurate method by far and requires considerable computational power and time; not optimum for industry standards. Developing an alternative model, providing…

Fluid Dynamics · Physics 2022-07-04 Indrajit Nandi , Saikat Saha , Sabir Subedi , Sumon Saha

Data-driven techniques have improved the accuracy of Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes (RANS) models in fluid dynamics. However, modeling separated flows remains challenging due to their complex physics and sensitivity to local conditions.…

Fluid Dynamics · Physics 2025-11-19 Ali Eidi , Tyler Buchanan , Letian Jiang , Richard P. Dwight

Cavitation is a complex multiphase phenomenon characterised by vapour bubbles forming due to a sudden pressure drop and is often accompanied by increased hull vibrations, increased radiated noise and decrease in propeller and impeller…

Fluid Dynamics · Physics 2024-05-02 Dhruv Apte , Mingming Ge , Olivier Coutier-Delgosha

We present a machine learning-based framework for blending data-driven turbulent closures in the Reynolds-Averaged Navier-Stokes (RANS) equations, aimed at improving their generalizability across diverse flow regimes. Specialized models…

Fluid Dynamics · Physics 2025-03-05 Mourad Oulghelou , Soufiane Cherroud , Xavier Merle , Paola Cinnella

Numerical models based on Reynolds-Averaged Navier-Stokes (RANS) equations are widely used in engineering turbulence modeling. However, the RANS predictions have large model-form uncertainties for many complex flows. Quantification of these…

Computational Physics · Physics 2017-01-25 Jian-Xun Wang , Rui Sun , Heng Xiao