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Monte Carlo Tree Search (MCTS) has recently emerged as a powerful technique for enhancing the reasoning capabilities of LLMs. Techniques such as SFT or DPO have enabled LLMs to distill high-quality behaviors from MCTS, improving their…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-10-10 Xiyao Wang , Linfeng Song , Ye Tian , Dian Yu , Baolin Peng , Haitao Mi , Furong Huang , Dong Yu

Tree search-based methods have made significant progress in enhancing the code generation capabilities of large language models. However, due to the difficulty in effectively evaluating intermediate algorithmic steps and the inability to…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-12-18 Yuanyuan Lin , Xiangyu Ouyang , Teng Zhang , Kaixin Sui

Monte Carlo Tree Search (MCTS) is a powerful approach to designing game-playing bots or solving sequential decision problems. The method relies on intelligent tree search that balances exploration and exploitation. MCTS performs random…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2023-04-04 Maciej Świechowski , Konrad Godlewski , Bartosz Sawicki , Jacek Mańdziuk

Recent advances in large language models have demonstrated considerable potential in scientific domains such as drug repositioning. However, their effectiveness remains constrained when reasoning extends beyond the knowledge acquired during…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-08-01 Zerui Yang , Yuwei Wan , Siyu Yan , Yudai Matsuda , Tong Xie , Bram Hoex , Linqi Song

Online planning is crucial for high performance in many complex sequential decision-making tasks. Monte Carlo Tree Search (MCTS) employs a principled mechanism for trading off exploration for exploitation for efficient online planning, and…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-02-08 Kalle Kujanpää , Amin Babadi , Yi Zhao , Juho Kannala , Alexander Ilin , Joni Pajarinen

Mathematical reasoning presents significant challenges for large language models (LLMs). To enhance their capabilities, we propose Monte Carlo Self-Refine Tree (MC-NEST), an extension of Monte Carlo Tree Search that integrates LLM-based…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-06-03 Gollam Rabby , Farhana Keya , Sören Auer

Automated agent workflows can enhance the problem-solving ability of large language models (LLMs), but common search strategies rely on stochastic exploration and often traverse implausible branches. This occurs because current pipelines…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-01-21 Qitong Fang , Haotian Li , Xu Wang

Recent research in vision-language models (VLMs) has centered around the possibility of equipping them with implicit long-form chain-of-thought reasoning -- akin to the success observed in language models -- via distillation and…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-06-11 David Acuna , Ximing Lu , Jaehun Jung , Hyunwoo Kim , Amlan Kar , Sanja Fidler , Yejin Choi

While researchers have made significant progress in enabling large language models (LLMs) to perform multi-step planning, LLMs struggle to ensure that those plans align with high-level user intent and satisfy symbolic constraints,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-14 Kamel Alrashedy , Vriksha Srihari , Zulfiqar Zaidi , Ridam Srivastava , Pradyumna Tambwekar , Matthew Gombolay

In this work, we aim to develop an MLLM that understands and solves questions by learning to create each intermediate step of the reasoning involved till the final answer. To this end, we propose Collective Monte Carlo Tree Search (CoMCTS),…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-01-03 Huanjin Yao , Jiaxing Huang , Wenhao Wu , Jingyi Zhang , Yibo Wang , Shunyu Liu , Yingjie Wang , Yuxin Song , Haocheng Feng , Li Shen , Dacheng Tao

Multi-step multimodal reasoning tasks pose significant challenges for multimodal large language models (MLLMs), and finding effective ways to enhance their performance in such scenarios remains an unresolved issue. In this paper, we propose…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-12-20 Guanting Dong , Chenghao Zhang , Mengjie Deng , Yutao Zhu , Zhicheng Dou , Ji-Rong Wen

Monte Carlo Tree Search (MCTS) is a widely used approach for policy improvement through search with increasing popularity for real world applications. Due to the sequential and deterministic nature of its search, runtime-scaling of MCTS…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-22 Yaniv Oren , Viliam Vadocz , Joery A. de Vries , Wendelin Böhmer , Matthijs T. J. Spaan , Hendrik Baier

In this work, we consider the popular tree-based search strategy within the framework of reinforcement learning, the Monte Carlo Tree Search (MCTS), in the context of infinite-horizon discounted cost Markov Decision Process (MDP). While…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2020-01-14 Devavrat Shah , Qiaomin Xie , Zhi Xu

Effective decision-making and problem-solving in conversational systems require the ability to identify and acquire missing information through targeted questioning. A key challenge lies in efficiently narrowing down a large space of…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-06-03 Harshita Chopra , Chirag Shah

Monte Carlo Tree Search (MCTS) has shown its strength for a lot of deterministic and stochastic examples, but literature lacks reports of applications to real world industrial processes. Common reasons for this are that there is no…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2021-08-05 Dorina Weichert , Felix Horchler , Alexander Kister , Marcus Trost , Johannes Hartung , Stefan Risse

Recent advancements in Large Vision Language Models (LVLMs) have significantly improved performance in Visual Question Answering (VQA) tasks through multimodal Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG). However, existing methods still face…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-06-10 Qi Yang , Chenghao Zhang , Lubin Fan , Kun Ding , Jieping Ye , Shiming Xiang

While chain-of-thought prompting with Best-of-N (BoN) selection has become popular for mathematical reasoning in large language models (LLMs), its linear structure fails to capture the branching and exploratory nature of complex…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-24 Tristan Cinquin , Geoff Pleiss , Agustinus Kristiadi

Inference-time scaling strategies, particularly Monte Carlo Tree Search (MCTS), have significantly enhanced the reasoning capabilities of Large Language Models (LLMs). However, current approaches remain predominantly stateless, discarding…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-02-05 Hao Lu , Haoyuan Huang , Yulin Zhou , Chen Li , Ningxin Zhu

Monte Carlo Tree Search (MCTS) is particularly adapted to domains where the potential actions can be represented as a tree of sequential decisions. For an effective action selection, MCTS performs many simulations to build a reliable tree…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2018-09-10 Seydou Ba , Takuya Hiraoka , Takashi Onishi , Toru Nakata , Yoshimasa Tsuruoka

This study investigates the combined use of generative grammar rules and Monte Carlo Tree Search (MCTS) for optimizing truss structures. Our approach accommodates intermediate construction stages characteristic of progressive construction…

Computational Engineering, Finance, and Science · Computer Science 2025-04-03 Gabriel Garayalde , Luca Rosafalco , Matteo Torzoni , Alberto Corigliano