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Large Language Models (LLMs) have emerged as a popular choice in vulnerability detection studies given their foundational capabilities, open source availability, and variety of models, but have limited scalability due to extensive compute…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-04-01 Miles Farmer , Ekincan Ufuktepe , Anne Watson , Hialo Muniz Carvalho , Vadim Okun , Zineb Maasaoui , Kannappan Palaniappan

The advancement of graph-based malware analysis is critically limited by the absence of large-scale datasets that capture the inherent hierarchical structure of software. Existing methods often oversimplify programs into single level…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-26 Han Chen , Hanchen Wang , Hongmei Chen , Ying Zhang , Lu Qin , Wenjie Zhang

Vulnerability identification is crucial to protect software systems from attacks for cyber-security. However, huge projects have more than millions of lines of code, and the complex dependencies make it hard to carry out traditional static…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2023-11-01 Shuo Liu , Gail Kaiser

Graph Neural Networks (GNNs) have demonstrated remarkable efficacy in handling graph-structured data; however, they exhibit failures after deployment, which can cause severe consequences. Hence, conducting thorough testing before deployment…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-12-23 Lichen Yang , Qiang Wang , Zhonghao Yang , Daojing He , Yu Li

In order to ensure the quality of software and prevent attacks from hackers on critical systems, static analysis tools are frequently utilized to detect vulnerabilities in the early development phase. However, these tools often report a…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2022-09-28 Thanh Trong Vu , Hieu Dinh Vo

With the expansion of the power grid and the increase of the proportion of new energy sources, the uncertainty and random factors of the power grid increase, endangering the safe operation of the system. It is particularly important to find…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-09-13 Changgang Wang , Xianwei Wang , Yu Cao , Yang Li , Qi Lv , Yaoxin Zhang

In order to improve the resilience of computer infrastructure against cyber attacks and finding ways to mitigate their impact we need to understand their structure and dynamics. Here we propose a novel network-based influence spreading…

Social and Information Networks · Computer Science 2025-09-03 Vesa Kuikka , Lauri Pykälä , Tuomas Takko , Kimmo Kaski

Software vulnerabilities remain a persistent risk, yet static and dynamic analyses often overlook structural dependencies that shape insecure behaviors. Viewing programs as heterogeneous graphs, we capture control- and data-flow relations…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-10-14 Jugal Gajjar , Kaustik Ranaware , Kamalasankari Subramaniakuppusamy

Global crises and regulatory developments require increased supply chain transparency and resilience. Companies do not only need to react to a dynamic environment but have to act proactively and implement measures to prevent production…

During major power system disturbances, when multiple component outages occur in rapid succession, it becomes crucial to quickly identify the transmission interconnections that have limited power transfer capability. Understanding the…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2020-08-04 Reetam Sen Biswas , Anamitra Pal , Trevor Werho , Vijay Vittal

Vulnerability identification is crucial to protect the software systems from attacks for cyber security. It is especially important to localize the vulnerable functions among the source code to facilitate the fix. However, it is a…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2019-09-10 Yaqin Zhou , Shangqing Liu , Jingkai Siow , Xiaoning Du , Yang Liu

We suggest an approach to study hierarchy, especially hidden one, of complex networks based on the analysis of their vulnerability. Two quantities are proposed as a measure of network hierarchy. The first one is the system vulnerability V.…

Disordered Systems and Neural Networks · Physics 2007-05-23 V. Gol'dshtein , G. A. Koganov , G. I. Surdutovich

Malware detection in modern computing environments demands models that are not only accurate but also interpretable and robust to evasive techniques. Graph neural networks (GNNs) have shown promise in this domain by modeling rich structural…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-05-26 Hossein Shokouhinejad , Roozbeh Razavi-Far , Griffin Higgins , Ali A Ghorbani

Identifying, analyzing, and evaluating cybersecurity risks are essential to assess the vulnerabilities of modern manufacturing infrastructures and to devise effective decision-making strategies to secure critical manufacturing against…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2023-12-21 Md Habibor Rahman , Erfan Yazdandoost Hamedani , Young-Jun Son , Mohammed Shafae

In this paper, we study the crucial elements of complex networks, namely nodes, and edges and their properties such as their community structure, which play an important role in dictating the robustness of the network towards structural…

Social and Information Networks · Computer Science 2021-02-04 V. Parimi , A. Pal , S. Ruj , P. Kumaraguru , T. Chakraborty

Independent microgrids are crucial for supplying electricity by combining distributed energy resources and loads in scenarios like isolated islands and field combat. Fast and accurate assessments of microgrid vulnerability against…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-06-09 Wei Liu , Tao Zhang , Chenhui Lin , Kaiwen Li , Rui Wang

The ever-evolving capabilities of cyber attackers force security administrators to focus on the early identification of emerging threats. Targeted cyber attacks usually consist of several phases, from initial reconnaissance of the network…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2022-06-22 Lukáš Sadlek , Pavel Čeleda , Daniel Tovarňák

Although LLMs have shown promising potential in vulnerability detection, this study reveals their limitations in distinguishing between vulnerable and similar-but-benign patched code (only 0.06 - 0.14 accuracy). It shows that LLMs struggle…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-06-18 Xueying Du , Geng Zheng , Kaixin Wang , Yi Zou , Yujia Wang , Wentai Deng , Jiayi Feng , Mingwei Liu , Bihuan Chen , Xin Peng , Tao Ma , Yiling Lou

Graph Neural Networks (GNNs) have emerged as a dominant paradigm for learning on graph-structured data, thanks to their ability to jointly exploit node features and relational information encoded in the graph topology. This joint modeling,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-12-30 Yongyu Wang

In this work we propose a graph-based model that, utilizing relations between groups of System-calls, distinguishes malicious from benign software samples and classifies the detected malicious samples to one of a set of known malware…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2018-12-31 Anna Mpanti , Stavros D. Nikolopoulos , Iosif Polenakis