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Alignment algorithms are widely used to align large language models (LLMs) to human users based on preference annotations. Typically these (often divergent) preferences are aggregated over a diverse set of users, resulting in fine-tuned…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-05-21 Cristina Garbacea , Chenhao Tan

Accurately simulating the decisions of a specific individual remains challenging for large language models (LLMs), partly because persona information is often provided as static descriptions that miss the values, experiences, and contextual…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-29 Ruoxi Su , Yuhan Liu , Jingyu Hu

Recommender systems present a customized list of items based upon user or item characteristics with the objective of reducing a large number of possible choices to a smaller ranked set most likely to appeal to the user. A variety of…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2024-07-02 William Noffsinger

Large language models (LLMs) emulate a consistent human-like behavior that can be shaped through activation-level interventions. This paradigm is converging on additive residual-stream injections, which rely on injection-strength sweeps to…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-17 Leonardo Blas , Robin Jia , Emilio Ferrara

Large Language Models (LLMs) acquire extensive knowledge and remarkable abilities from extensive text corpora, making them powerful tools for various applications. To make LLMs more usable, aligning them with human preferences is essential.…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-21 Mozhi Zhang , Pengyu Wang , Chenkun Tan , Mianqiu Huang , Dong Zhang , Yaqian Zhou , Xipeng Qiu

Deep neural network models represent the state-of-the-art methodologies for natural language processing. Here we build on top of these methodologies to incorporate temporal information and model how to review data changes with time.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-12-11 Kostadin Cvejoski , Ramses J. Sanchez , Bogdan Georgiev , Christian Bauckhage , Cesar Ojeda

Synthetic personae experiments have become a prominent method in Large Language Model alignment research, yet the representativeness and ecological validity of these personae vary considerably between studies. Through a review of 63…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2025-12-02 Jan Batzner , Volker Stocker , Bingjun Tang , Anusha Natarajan , Qinhao Chen , Stefan Schmid , Gjergji Kasneci

Modeling user preferences (long-term history) and user dynamics (short-term history) is of greatest importance to build efficient sequential recommender systems. The challenge lies in the successful combination of the whole user's history…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-03-31 Corentin Lonjarret , Roch Auburtin , Céline Robardet , Marc Plantevit

Person re-identification is an open and challenging problem in computer vision. Majority of the efforts have been spent either to design the best feature representation or to learn the optimal matching metric. Most approaches have neglected…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2016-07-26 Niki Martinel , Abir Das , Christian Micheloni , Amit K. Roy-Chowdhury

Large Language Models (LLMs) are increasingly deployed in domains such as education, mental health and customer support, where stable and consistent personas are critical for reliability. Yet, existing studies focus on narrative or…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-01-26 Jivnesh Sandhan , Fei Cheng , Tushar Sandhan , Yugo Murawaki

Effective persuasive dialogue agents adapt their strategies to individual users, accounting for the evolution of their psychological states and intentions throughout conversations. We present a personality-aware reinforcement learning…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2026-01-13 Donghuo Zeng , Roberto Legaspi , Kazushi Ikeda

The modern recommender systems are facing an increasing challenge of modelling and predicting the dynamic and context-rich user preferences. Traditional collaborative filtering and content-based methods often struggle to capture the…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2025-07-21 Yitong Li , Raoul Grasman

Influenced by the great success of deep learning in computer vision and language understanding, research in recommendation has shifted to inventing new recommender models based on neural networks. In recent years, we have witnessed…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2022-02-17 Le Wu , Xiangnan He , Xiang Wang , Kun Zhang , Meng Wang

Traditional recommendation systems represent users and items as dense vectors and learn to align them in a shared latent space for relevance estimation. Recent LLM-based recommenders instead leverage natural-language representations that…

Exploration, the act of broadening user experiences beyond their established preferences, is challenging in large-scale recommendation systems due to feedback loops and limited signals on user exploration patterns. Large Language Models…

Aligning the output of Large Language Models (LLMs) with human preferences (e.g., by means of reinforcement learning with human feedback, or RLHF) is essential for ensuring their effectiveness in real-world scenarios. Despite significant…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-10-23 Pietro Bernardelle , Gianluca Demartini

Large language models (LLMs) have demonstrated significant potential in enhancing dense retrieval through query augmentation. However, most existing methods treat the LLM and the retriever as separate modules, overlooking the alignment…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2025-05-30 Sijia Yao , Pengcheng Huang , Zhenghao Liu , Yu Gu , Yukun Yan , Shi Yu , Ge Yu

Sequential recommendation, a critical task in recommendation systems, predicts the next user action based on the understanding of the user's historical behaviors. Conventional studies mainly focus on cross-behavior modeling with…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2025-06-23 Zhen Gong , Zhifang Fan , Hui Lu , Qiwei Chen , Chenbin Zhang , Lin Guan , Yuchao Zheng , Feng Zhang , Xiao Yang , Zuotao Liu

This draft paper presents a workflow for creating User Personas with Large Language Models, using the results of a Thematic Analysis of qualitative interviews. The proposed workflow uses improved prompting and a larger pool of Themes,…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2023-10-11 Stefano De Paoli

Calibration in recommender systems is an important performance criterion that ensures consistency between the distribution of user preference categories and that of recommendations generated by the system. Standard methods for mitigating…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2024-05-17 Kun Lin , Masoud Mansoury , Farzad Eskandanian , Milad Sabouri , Bamshad Mobasher