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Related papers: Demystifying Hateful Content: Leveraging Large Mul…

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Memes often merge visuals with brief text to share humor or opinions, yet some memes contain harmful messages such as hate speech. In this paper, we introduces MemeBLIP2, a light weight multimodal system that detects harmful memes by…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-07-29 Jiaqi Liu , Ran Tong , Aowei Shen , Shuzheng Li , Changlin Yang , Lisha Xu

In this paper, we explore the feasibility of leveraging large language models (LLMs) to automate or otherwise assist human raters with identifying harmful content including hate speech, harassment, violent extremism, and election…

Social media memes are a challenging domain for hate detection because they intertwine visual and textual cues into culturally nuanced messages. To tackle these challenges, we introduce TRACE, a hierarchical multimodal framework that…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-11-10 Girish A. Koushik , Helen Treharne , Aditya Joshi , Diptesh Kanojia

With the rapid rise of social media and Internet culture, memes have become a popular medium for expressing emotional tendencies. This has sparked growing interest in Meme Emotion Understanding (MEU), which aims to classify the emotional…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-11-17 Yi Shi , Wenlong Meng , Zhenyuan Guo , Chengkun Wei , Wenzhi Chen

In the evolving landscape of online communication, moderating hate speech (HS) presents an intricate challenge, compounded by the multimodal nature of digital content. This comprehensive survey delves into the recent strides in HS…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-31 Ming Shan Hee , Shivam Sharma , Rui Cao , Palash Nandi , Preslav Nakov , Tanmoy Chakraborty , Roy Ka-Wei Lee

Amidst the rapid expansion of Machine Learning (ML) and Large Language Models (LLMs), understanding the semantics within their mechanisms is vital. Causal analyses define semantics, while gradient-based methods are essential to eXplainable…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-03-26 Yosuke Miyanishi , Minh Le Nguyen

As Large Multimodal Models (LMMs) become integral to daily digital life, understanding their safety architectures is a critical problem for AI Alignment. This paper presents a systematic analysis of OpenAI's GPT-4o mini, a globally deployed…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-26 Niruthiha Selvanayagam , Ted Kurti

There have been remarkable breakthroughs in Machine Learning and Artificial Intelligence, notably in the areas of Natural Language Processing and Deep Learning. Additionally, hate speech detection in dialogues has been gaining popularity…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-06-02 Durgesh Nandini , Ute Schmid

In the past few years, the meme has become a new way of communication on the Internet. As memes are the images with embedded text, it can quickly spread hate, offence and violence. Classifying memes are very challenging because of their…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-03-02 Eftekhar Hossain , Omar Sharif , Mohammed Moshiul Hoque

Large Vision-Language Models (LVLMs) have demonstrated impressive multimodal understanding capabilities, yet they remain prone to object hallucination, where models describe non-existent objects or attribute incorrect factual information,…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-02-24 Ahmed Akl , Abdelwahed Khamis , Ali Cheraghian , Zhe Wang , Sara Khalifa , Kewen Wang

Memes are graphics and text overlapped so that together they present concepts that become dubious if one of them is absent. It is spread mostly on social media platforms, in the form of jokes, sarcasm, motivating, etc. After the success of…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-09-05 Tariq Habib Afridi , Aftab Alam , Muhammad Numan Khan , Jawad Khan , Young-Koo Lee

As large language models (LLMs) become an important way of information access, there have been increasing concerns that LLMs may intensify the spread of unethical content, including implicit bias that hurts certain populations without…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-07-14 Yuchen Wen , Keping Bi , Wei Chen , Jiafeng Guo , Xueqi Cheng

In the evolving landscape of online communication, hate speech detection remains a formidable challenge, further compounded by the diversity of digital platforms. This study investigates the effectiveness and adaptability of pre-trained and…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-05-01 Ahmad Nasir , Aadish Sharma , Kokil Jaidka , Saifuddin Ahmed

The proliferation of social media has given rise to a new form of communication: memes. Memes are multimodal and often contain a combination of text and visual elements that convey meaning, humor, and cultural significance. While meme…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-12-12 Nirmalendu Prakash , Han Wang , Nguyen Khoi Hoang , Ming Shan Hee , Roy Ka-Wei Lee

Optimization of offensive content moderation models for different types of hateful messages is typically achieved through continued pre-training or fine-tuning on new hate speech benchmarks. However, existing benchmarks mainly address…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-07 Irina Proskurina , Marc-Antoine Carpentier , Julien Velcin

Anti-Muslim hate speech has emerged within memes, characterized by context-dependent and rhetorical messages using text and images that seemingly mimic humor but convey Islamophobic sentiments. This work presents a novel dataset and…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-12-03 S M Jishanul Islam , Sahid Hossain Mustakim , Sadia Ahmmed , Md. Faiyaz Abdullah Sayeedi , Swapnil Khandoker , Syed Tasdid Azam Dhrubo , Nahid Hossain

Social media platforms are increasingly dominated by long-form multimodal content, where harmful narratives are constructed through a complex interplay of audio, visual, and textual cues. While automated systems can flag hate speech with…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-29 Girish A. Koushik , Helen Treharne , Diptesh Kanojia

The rise of hate speech on online platforms has led to an urgent need for effective content moderation. However, the subjective and multi-faceted nature of hateful online content, including implicit hate speech, poses significant challenges…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-03-17 Uma Gunturi , Xiaohan Ding , Eugenia H. Rho

Recently, Large Multi-modal Models (LMMs) have demonstrated their ability to understand the visual contents of images given the instructions regarding the images. Built upon the Large Language Models (LLMs), LMMs also inherit their…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-05-14 Joonhyun Jeong

Automatic detection of online hate speech serves as a crucial step in the detoxification of the online discourse. Moreover, accurate classification can promote a better understanding of the proliferation of hate as a social phenomenon.…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-25 Tom Marzea , Abraham Israeli , Oren Tsur