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Readers can have different goals with respect to the text that they are reading. Can these goals be decoded from their eye movements over the text? In this work, we examine for the first time whether it is possible to distinguish between…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-02-28 Omer Shubi , Cfir Avraham Hadar , Yevgeni Berzak

Can human reading comprehension be assessed from eye movements in reading? In this work, we address this longstanding question using large-scale eyetracking data over textual materials that are geared towards behavioral analyses of reading…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-02-18 Omer Shubi , Yoav Meiri , Cfir Avraham Hadar , Yevgeni Berzak

When reading, we often have specific information that interests us in a text. For example, you might be reading this paper because you are curious about LLMs for eye movements in reading, the experimental design, or perhaps you wonder…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-03-03 Cfir Avraham Hadar , Omer Shubi , Yoav Meiri , Amit Heshes , Yevgeni Berzak

Eye movements during reading offer insights into both the reader's cognitive processes and the characteristics of the text that is being read. Hence, the analysis of scanpaths in reading have attracted increasing attention across fields,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-05-19 Shuwen Deng , David R. Reich , Paul Prasse , Patrick Haller , Tobias Scheffer , Lena A. Jäger

The interplay between text and visualization is gaining importance for media where traditional text is enriched by visual elements to improve readability and emphasize facts. In two controlled eye-tracking experiments ($N=12$), we approach…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2024-04-09 Franziska Huth , Maurice Koch , Miriam Awad , Daniel Weiskopf , Kuno Kurzhals

The way our eyes move while reading can tell us about the cognitive effort required to process the text. In the present study, we use this fact to generate texts with controllable reading ease. Our method employs a model that predicts human…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-01-27 Andreas Säuberli , Darja Jepifanova , Diego Frassinelli , Barbara Plank

Some visual search tasks require to memorize the location of stimuli that have been previously scanned. Considerations about the eye movements raise the question of how we are able to maintain a coherent memory, despite the frequent…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2016-08-16 Jérémy Fix , Julien Vitay , Nicolas Rougier

We present a novel approach for determining learners' second language proficiency which utilizes behavioral traces of eye movements during reading. Our approach provides stand-alone eyetracking based English proficiency scores which reflect…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2018-04-25 Yevgeni Berzak , Boris Katz , Roger Levy

When humans read text, they fixate some words and skip others. However, there have been few attempts to explain skipping behavior with computational models, as most existing work has focused on predicting reading times (e.g.,~using…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2017-04-25 Michael Hahn , Frank Keller

This paper presents eye2vec, an infrastructure for analyzing software developers' eye movements while reading source code. In common eye-tracking studies in program comprehension, researchers must preselect analysis targets such as control…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-10-16 Haruhiko Yoshioka , Kazumasa Shimari , Hidetake Uwano , Kenichi Matsumoto

We present a novel computational model employing hierarchical active inference to simulate reading and eye movements. The model characterizes linguistic processing as inference over a hierarchical generative model, facilitating predictions…

Neurons and Cognition · Quantitative Biology 2025-08-11 Francesco Donnarumma , Mirco Frosolone , Giovanni Pezzulo

Eye movement patterns reflect human latent internal cognitive activities. We aim to discover eye movement patterns during face recognition under different cognitions of information concealing. These cognitions include the degrees of face…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2018-11-09 Jiaxu Zuo , Tom Gedeon , Zhenyue Qin

This work presents a study on the extraction and analysis of a set of 101 categories of eye movement features from three types of eye movement events: fixations, saccades, and post-saccadic oscillations. The eye movements were recorded…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2017-03-28 Ioannis Rigas , Lee Friedman , Oleg Komogortsev

Understanding reader behaviors such as skimming, deep reading, and scanning is essential for improving educational instruction. While prior eye-tracking studies have trained models to recognize reading behaviors, they often rely on…

We study the problem of inferring readers' identities and estimating their level of text comprehension from observations of their eye movements during reading. We develop a generative model of individual gaze patterns (scanpaths) that makes…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2018-09-24 Silvia Makowski , Lena Jäger , Ahmed Abdelwahab , Niels Landwehr , Tobias Scheffer

Yarbus' claim to decode the observer's task from eye movements has received mixed reactions. In this paper, we have supported the hypothesis that it is possible to decode the task. We conducted an exploratory analysis on the dataset by…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-07-31 Ayush Kumar , Anjul Tyagi , Michael Burch , Daniel Weiskopf , Klaus Mueller

A wide variety of use case templates supports different variants to link a use case with its associated requirements. Regardless of the linking, a reader must process the related information simultaneously to understand them. Linking…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2021-07-06 Oliver Karras , Alexandra Risch , Jil Klünder

Among the most impressive recent applications of neural decoding is the visual representation decoding, where the category of an object that a subject either sees or imagines is inferred by observing his/her brain activity. Even though…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2018-11-06 Angeliki Papadimitriou , Nikolaos Passalis , Anastasios Tefas

We conducted an eye-tracking study where 30 participants performed searches on the web. We measured their topical knowledge before and after each task. Their eye-fixations were labelled as "reading" or "scanning". The series of reading…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2019-08-16 Nilavra Bhattacharya , Jacek Gwizdka

Capturing readers' engagement in fiction is a challenging but important aspect of narrative understanding. In this study, we collected 23 readers' reactions to 2 short stories through eye tracking, sentence-level annotations, and an overall…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-06-08 Rose Neis , Karin de Langis , Zae Myung Kim , Dongyeop Kang
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