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Rapid design space exploration in early design stage is critical to algorithm-architecture co-design for accelerators. In this work, a pre-RTL cycle-accurate accelerator simulator based on SystemC transaction-level modeling (TLM),…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2020-07-30 Sunwoo Kim , Jooho Wang , Youngho Seo , Sanghun Lee , Yeji Park , Sungkyung Park , Chester Sungchung Park

CXL-based Computational Memory (CCM) enables near-memory processing within expanded remote memory, presenting opportunities to address data movement costs associated with disaggregated memory systems and to accelerate overall performance.…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2025-12-05 Suyeon Lee , Kangkyu Park , Kwangsik Shin , Ada Gavrilovska

The substantial memory requirements of Large Language Models (LLMs), particularly for long-context fine-tuning, have renewed interest in CPU offloading to augment limited GPU memory. However, as context lengths grow, relying on CPU memory…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2025-10-31 Yong-Cheng Liaw , Shuo-Han Chen

The Compute Express Link (CXL) interconnect enables compute "pods" that pool memory across servers to reduce cost and improve efficiency. These pods also facilitate pairwise communication whose needs conflict with pooling. Importantly,…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2026-04-06 Yuhong Zhong , Fiodar Kazhamiaka , Pantea Zardoshti , Shuwei Teng , Rodrigo Fonseca , Mark D. Hill , Daniel S. Berger

Memory resources in data centers generally suffer from low utilization and lack of dynamics. Memory disaggregation solves these problems by decoupling CPU and memory, which currently includes approaches based on RDMA or interconnection…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2023-02-23 Chenjiu Wang , Ke He , Ruiqi Fan , Xiaonan Wang , Yang Kong , Wei Wang , Qinfen Hao

Processing-in-memory (PIM) reduces data movement by executing near memory, but our large-scale characterization on real PIM hardware shows that end-to-end performance is often limited by disjoint host and device address spaces that force…

Emerging Technologies · Computer Science 2025-11-20 I-Ting Lee , Bao-Kai Wang , Liang-Chi Chen , Wen Sheng Lim , Da-Wei Chang , Yu-Ming Chang , Chieng-Chung Ho

MPI implementations commonly rely on explicit memory-copy operations, incurring overhead from redundant data movement and buffer management. This overhead notably impacts HPC workloads involving intensive inter-processor communication. In…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2025-10-17 Miryeong Kwon , Donghyun Gouk , Hyein Woo , Junhee Kim , Jinwoo Baek , Kyungkuk Nam , Sangyoon Ji , Jiseon Kim , Hanyeoreum Bae , Junhyeok Jang , Hyunwoo You , Junseok Moon , Myoungsoo Jung

Memory disaggregation is an emerging technology that decouples memory from traditional memory buses, enabling independent scaling of compute and memory. Compute Express Link (CXL), an open-standard interconnect technology, facilitates…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2025-03-27 Yujie Yang , Lingfeng Xiang , Peiran Du , Zhen Lin , Weishu Deng , Ren Wang , Andrey Kudryavtsev , Louis Ko , Hui Lu , Jia Rao

Engram conditional memory has emerged as a promising component for LLMs by decoupling static knowledge lookup from dynamic computation. Since Engram exhibits sparse access patterns and supports prefetching, its massive embedding tables are…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2026-03-12 Ruiyang Ma , Teng Ma , Zhiyuan Su , Hantian Zha , Xinpeng Zhao , Xuchun Shang , Xingrui Yi , Zheng Liu , Zhu Cao , An Wu , Zhichong Dou , Ziqian Liu , Daikang Kuang , Guojie Luo

This work introduces a GPU storage expansion solution utilizing CXL, featuring a novel GPU system design with multiple CXL root ports for integrating diverse storage media (DRAMs and/or SSDs). We developed and siliconized a custom CXL…

Research in transaction processing has made significant progress in improving the performance of multi-core in-memory transactional systems. However, the focus has mainly been on low-contention workloads. Modern transactional systems…

Databases · Computer Science 2018-10-05 Guna Prasaad , Alvin Cheung , Dan Suciu

Compute eXpress Link (CXL) is a promising technology for memory disaggregation and expansion. Especially, CXL makes it more effectively for large-capacity storage devices such as Solid State Drive (SSD) to be deployed in the memory pool.…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2025-01-07 Yaohui Wang , Zicong Wang , Fanfeng Meng , Yanjing Wang , Yang Ou , Lizhou Wu , Wentao Hong , Xuran Ge , Jijun Cao

The advent of Compute Express Link (CXL) enables SSDs to participate in the memory hierarchy as large-capacity, byte-addressable memory devices. These CXL-enabled SSDs (CXL-SSDs) offer a promising new tier between DRAM and traditional…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2025-08-18 Hyunsun Chung , Junhyeok Park , Taewan Noh , Seonghoon Ahn , Kihwan Kim , Ming Zhao , Youngjae Kim

We present a unified programming model for heterogeneous computing systems. Such systems integrate multiple computing accelerators and memory units to deliver higher performance than CPU-centric systems. Although heterogeneous systems have…

Emerging Technologies · Computer Science 2024-04-18 Zixuan Wang , Jishen Zhao

The increasing demand for memory in hyperscale applications has led to memory becoming a large portion of the overall datacenter spend. The emergence of coherent interfaces like CXL enables main memory expansion and offers an efficient…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2023-05-30 Hasan Al Maruf , Hao Wang , Abhishek Dhanotia , Johannes Weiner , Niket Agarwal , Pallab Bhattacharya , Chris Petersen , Mosharaf Chowdhury , Shobhit Kanaujia , Prakash Chauhan

Exascale systems, expected to emerge by the end of the next decade, will require the exploitation of billion-way parallelism at multiple hierarchical levels in order to achieve the desired sustained performance. The task of assessing future…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2011-09-27 Matthew Anderson , Maciej Brodowicz , Hartmut Kaiser , Thomas Sterling

CXL has been the emerging technology for expanding memory for both the host CPU and device accelerators with load/store interface. Extending memory coherency to the PCIe root complex makes the codesign more flexible in that you can access…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2023-09-11 Yiwei Yang

Disaggregated LLM serving improves resource efficiency by separating the compute-intensive prefill phase from the latency-critical decode phase. However, this architecture introduces a fundamental bottleneck: key/value (KV) tensors…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2025-12-23 Dongha Yoon , Younghoon Min , Hoshik Kim , Sam H. Noh , Jongryool Kim

Cross-core communication is increasingly a bottleneck as the number of processing elements increase per system-on-chip. Typical hardware solutions to cross-core communication are often inflexible; while software solutions are flexible, they…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2021-01-21 Qinzhe Wu , Jonathan Beard , Ashen Ekanayake , Andreas Gerstlauer , Lizy K. John

Compute eXpress Link (CXL) has emerged as a key enabler of memory disaggregation for future heterogeneous computing systems to expand memory on-demand and improve resource utilization. However, CXL is still in its infancy stage and lacks…

Emerging Technologies · Computer Science 2026-01-13 Yanjing Wang , Lizhou Wu , Wentao Hong , Yang Ou , Zicong Wang , Sunfeng Gao , Jie Zhang , Sheng Ma , Dezun Dong , Xingyun Qi , Mingche Lai , Nong Xiao