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The problem of robust hypothesis testing is studied, where under the null and the alternative hypotheses, the data-generating distributions are assumed to be in some uncertainty sets, and the goal is to design a test that performs well…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2023-08-08 Zhongchang Sun , Shaofeng Zou

High-dimensional tests are applied to find relevant sets of variables and relevant models. If variables are selected by analyzing the sums of products matrices and a corresponding mean-value test is performed, there is the danger that the…

Methodology · Statistics 2012-02-10 Juergen Laeuter , Maciej Rosolowski , Ekkehard Glimm

Null hypothesis statistical significance testing (NHST) is the dominant approach for evaluating results from randomized controlled trials. Whereas NHST comes with long-run error rate guarantees, its main inferential tool -- the $p$-value --…

Methodology · Statistics 2022-06-10 František Bartoš , Samuel Pawel , Eric-Jan Wagenmakers

We develop a new rank-based approach for univariate two-sample testing in the presence of missing data which makes no assumptions about the missingness mechanism. This approach is a theoretical extension of the Wilcoxon-Mann-Whitney test…

Methodology · Statistics 2024-03-25 Yijin Zeng , Niall M. Adams , Dean A. Bodenham

We present a new approach to assessing the robustness of neural networks based on estimating the proportion of inputs for which a property is violated. Specifically, we estimate the probability of the event that the property is violated…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2019-02-25 Stefan Webb , Tom Rainforth , Yee Whye Teh , M. Pawan Kumar

Training a deep neural network (DNN) often involves stochastic optimization, which means each run will produce a different model. Several works suggest this variability is negligible when models have the same performance, which in the case…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2023-10-03 Sinjini Banerjee , Reilly Cannon , Tim Marrinan , Tony Chiang , Anand D. Sarwate

An important aspect of multiple hypothesis testing is controlling the significance level, or the level of Type I error. When the test statistics are not independent it can be particularly challenging to deal with this problem, without…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2009-03-04 Sandy Clarke , Peter Hall

Testing to see whether a given data set comes from some specified distribution is among the oldest types of problems in Statistics. Many such tests have been developed and their performance studied. The general result has been that while a…

Applications · Statistics 2020-12-07 Wolfgang Rolke

Statistical significance testing is used in natural language processing (NLP) to determine whether the results of a study or experiment are likely to be due to chance or if they reflect a genuine relationship. A key step in significance…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-01-01 Palash Goyal , Qian Hu , Rahul Gupta

A fast Bayesian method that seamlessly fuses classification and hypothesis testing via discriminant analysis is developed. Building upon the original discriminant analysis classifier, modelling components are added to identify…

Methodology · Statistics 2019-08-28 Weichang Yu , John T. Ormerod , Michael Stewart

Randomization tests are based on a re-randomization of existing data to gain data-dependent critical values that lead to exact hypothesis tests under special circumstances. However, it is not always possible to re-randomize data in…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2021-10-20 Dennis Dobler

We present a general framework for hypothesis testing on distributions of sets of individual examples. Sets may represent many common data sources such as groups of observations in time series, collections of words in text or a batch of…

Methodology · Statistics 2021-02-03 Alexis Bellot , Mihaela van der Schaar

In traditional hypothesis testing one must pre-specify the significance level $\alpha$ to bound the `size' of the test: its probability to falsely reject the hypothesis. Indeed, a data-dependent selection of $\alpha$ would generally distort…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2025-12-03 Nick W. Koning

Experiments often yield non-identically distributed data for statistical analysis. Tests of hypothesis under such set-ups are generally performed using the likelihood ratio test, which is non-robust with respect to outliers and model…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2017-07-25 Abhik Ghosh , Ayanendranath Basu

We analyze theoretical properties of the hybrid test for superior predictability. We demonstrate with a simple example that the test may not be pointwise asymptotically of level $\alpha$ at commonly used significance levels and may lead to…

Econometrics · Economics 2021-09-13 Deborah Kim

Throughout the last decade, random forests have established themselves as among the most accurate and popular supervised learning methods. While their black-box nature has made their mathematical analysis difficult, recent work has…

Methodology · Statistics 2019-12-10 Tim Coleman , Wei Peng , Lucas Mentch

Adversarial examples pose a security threat to many critical systems built on neural networks (such as face recognition systems, and self-driving cars). While many methods have been proposed to build robust models, how to build certifiably…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-09-06 Ruihan Zhang , Peixin Zhang , Jun Sun

Deep neural networks have proven to be extremely powerful, however, they are also vulnerable to adversarial attacks which can cause hazardous incorrect predictions in safety-critical applications. Certified robustness via randomized…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-10-29 Sina Däubener , Kira Maag , David Krueger , Asja Fischer

This work is motivated by learning the individualized minimal clinically important difference, a vital concept to assess clinical importance in various biomedical studies. We formulate the scientific question into a high-dimensional…

Methodology · Statistics 2023-03-28 Huijie Feng , Jingyi Duan , Yang Ning , Jiwei Zhao

In applied settings, tests of hypothesis where a nuisance parameter is only identifiable under the alternative often reduces into one of Testing One Hypothesis Multiple times (TOHM). Specifically, a fine discretization of the space of the…

Methodology · Statistics 2022-04-06 Sara Algeri , David A. van Dyk