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Related papers: FinMTEB: Finance Massive Text Embedding Benchmark

200 papers

Large language models (LLMs) have recently garnered significant interest. With in-context learning, LLMs achieve impressive results in various natural language tasks. However, the application of LLMs to sentence embeddings remains an area…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-08-01 Ting Jiang , Shaohan Huang , Zhongzhi Luan , Deqing Wang , Fuzhen Zhuang

Detecting anomalies in general ledger data is of utmost importance to ensure trustworthiness of financial records. Financial audits increasingly rely on machine learning (ML) algorithms to identify irregular or potentially fraudulent…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-09-30 Alexander Bakumenko , Kateřina Hlaváčková-Schindler , Claudia Plant , Nina C. Hubig

Neural network-based representations ("embeddings") have dramatically advanced natural language processing (NLP) tasks, including clinical NLP tasks such as concept extraction. Recently, however, more advanced embedding methods and…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2019-08-15 Yuqi Si , Jingqi Wang , Hua Xu , Kirk Roberts

Dense retrieval calls for discriminative embeddings to represent the semantic relationship between query and document. It may benefit from the using of large language models (LLMs), given LLMs' strong capability on semantic understanding.…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-11-25 Zheng Liu , Chaofan Li , Shitao Xiao , Yingxia Shao , Defu Lian

Text embeddings are numerical representations of text data, where words, phrases, or entire documents are converted into vectors of real numbers. These embeddings capture semantic meanings and relationships between text elements in a…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2025-01-20 Fusheng Wei , Robert Neary , Han Qin , Qiang Mao , Jianping Zhang

We introduce F2LLM - Foundation to Feature Large Language Models, a suite of state-of-the-art embedding models in three sizes: 0.6B, 1.7B, and 4B. Unlike previous top-ranking embedding models that require massive contrastive pretraining,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-03 Ziyin Zhang , Zihan Liao , Hang Yu , Peng Di , Rui Wang

Word Representations form the core component for almost all advanced Natural Language Processing (NLP) applications such as text mining, question-answering, and text summarization, etc. Over the last two decades, immense research is…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-12-02 Shree Charran R , Rahul Kumar Dubey

While Large Language Models (LLMs) can accelerate text-heavy tasks in alternative investment due diligence, a gap remains in their ability to accurately extract and reason over structured tabular data from complex financial spreadsheets.…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-03-10 Jan Ravnik , Matjaž Ličen , Felix Bührmann , Bithiah Yuan , Felix Stinson , Tanvi Singh

Reading comprehension, a fundamental cognitive ability essential for knowledge acquisition, is a complex skill, with a notable number of learners lacking proficiency in this domain. This study introduces innovative tasks for Brain-Computer…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2024-01-30 Yuhong Zhang , Shilai Yang , Gert Cauwenberghs , Tzyy-Ping Jung

In this paper, we introduce the Financial-STS task, a financial domain-specific NLP task designed to measure the nuanced semantic similarity between pairs of financial narratives. These narratives originate from the financial statements of…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-03-22 Jiaxin Liu , Yi Yang , Kar Yan Tam

Many recent works on Entity Resolution (ER) leverage Deep Learning techniques involving language models to improve effectiveness. This is applied to both main steps of ER, i.e., blocking and matching. Several pre-trained embeddings have…

Databases · Computer Science 2023-04-26 Alexandros Zeakis , George Papadakis , Dimitrios Skoutas , Manolis Koubarakis

Large language models (LLMs) play an increasingly important role in financial markets analysis by capturing signals from complex and heterogeneous textual data sources, such as tweets, news articles, reports, and microblogs. However, their…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-12-19 Alvaro Paredes Amorin , Andre Python , Christoph Weisser

Multimodal large language models (MLLMs) hold great promise for automating complex financial analysis. To comprehensively evaluate their capabilities, we introduce VisFinEval, the first large-scale Chinese benchmark that spans the full…

Computational Engineering, Finance, and Science · Computer Science 2025-08-14 Zhaowei Liu , Xin Guo , Haotian Xia , Lingfeng Zeng , Fangqi Lou , Jinyi Niu , Mengping Li , Qi Qi , Jiahuan Li , Wei Zhang , Yinglong Wang , Weige Cai , Weining Shen , Liwen Zhang

Recent LLMs have demonstrated promising ability in solving finance related problems. However, applying LLMs in real-world finance application remains challenging due to its high risk and high stakes property. This paper introduces FinTrust,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-20 Tiansheng Hu , Tongyan Hu , Liuyang Bai , Yilun Zhao , Arman Cohan , Chen Zhao

This paper presents an approach to improve text embedding models through contrastive fine-tuning on small datasets augmented with expert scores. It focuses on enhancing semantic textual similarity tasks and addressing text retrieval…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-08-23 Jun Lu , David Li , Bill Ding , Yu Kang

Text embeddings are a fundamental component in many NLP tasks, including classification, regression, clustering, and semantic search. However, despite their ubiquitous application, challenges persist in interpreting embeddings and…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-03 Juri Opitz , Lucas Möller , Andrianos Michail , Sebastian Padó , Simon Clematide

Contextual embeddings derived from transformer-based neural language models have shown state-of-the-art performance for various tasks such as question answering, sentiment analysis, and textual similarity in recent years. Extensive work…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-11-03 Brihi Joshi , Neil Shah , Francesco Barbieri , Leonardo Neves

Despite the success of text retrieval in many NLP tasks, code retrieval remains a largely underexplored area. Most text retrieval systems are tailored for natural language queries, often neglecting the specific challenges of retrieving…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-08-11 Ye Liu , Rui Meng , Shafiq Joty , Silvio Savarese , Caiming Xiong , Yingbo Zhou , Semih Yavuz

The advent of large language models (LLMs) has significantly advanced artificial intelligence (AI) in software engineering (SE), with source code embeddings playing a crucial role in tasks such as source code clone detection and source code…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-06-04 Zixiang Xian , Chenhui Cui , Rubing Huang , Chunrong Fang , Zhenyu Chen

Large Language Models (LLMs) have stunningly advanced the field of machine translation, though their effectiveness within the financial domain remains largely underexplored. To probe this issue, we constructed a fine-grained Chinese-English…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-06-28 Yuxin Fu , Shijing Si , Leyi Mai , Xi-ang Li