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Elegant Objects (EO) is a programming language based on ideas of pure objects and the Decorator pattern. Bugayenko has suggested it as an intermediate representation for object-oriented programs. This paper presents a version of dynamic…

Programming Languages · Computer Science 2022-10-17 Vitaliy Korbashov , Nikolai Kudasov , Mikhail Olokin , Violetta Sim

This paper aims at assessing the power system reliability by estimating loss of load (LOL) index using mutual information based Bayesian approach. Reliability analysis is a key component in the design, analysis and tuning of complex…

Applications · Statistics 2017-10-03 Swasti R. Khuntia , Jose L. Rueda , Mart A. M. M. van der Meijden

The exponential growth of volume, variety and velocity of data is raising the need for investigations of automated or semi-automated ways to extract useful patterns from the data. It requires deep expert knowledge and extensive…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-07-22 Abbas Raza Ali , Marcin Budka , Bogdan Gabrys

The increasing versatility of language models (LMs) has given rise to a new class of benchmarks that comprehensively assess a broad range of capabilities. Such benchmarks are associated with massive computational costs, extending to…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-04-02 Yotam Perlitz , Elron Bandel , Ariel Gera , Ofir Arviv , Liat Ein-Dor , Eyal Shnarch , Noam Slonim , Michal Shmueli-Scheuer , Leshem Choshen

This paper questions the effectiveness of a modern predictive uncertainty quantification approach, called \emph{evidential deep learning} (EDL), in which a single neural network model is trained to learn a meta distribution over the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-11-04 Maohao Shen , J. Jon Ryu , Soumya Ghosh , Yuheng Bu , Prasanna Sattigeri , Subhro Das , Gregory W. Wornell

When a large language model under reinforcement learning commits a wrong reasoning step early in a trajectory, standard algorithms force it to keep generating until the maximum horizon, spending compute on tokens that never receive positive…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-29 Zihang Li , Rui Zhou , Yingcheng Shi , Wenhan Yu , Zhewen Tan , Zixiang Liu , Zeming Li , Binhua Li , Yongbin Li , Tong Yang , Jieping Ye

Developing state-of-the-art approaches for specific tasks is a major driving force in our research community. Depending on the prestige of the task, publishing it can come along with a lot of visibility. The question arises how reliable are…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2018-03-28 Nils Reimers , Iryna Gurevych

Large language models (LLMs) often make accurate next token predictions but their confidence in these predictions can be poorly calibrated: high-confidence predictions are frequently wrong, and low-confidence predictions may be correct.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-03 Nisarg Parikh , Ananya Sai , Pannaga Shivaswamy , Kunjal Panchal , Andrew Lan

EBIs/ESOs substantially change the traditional production/service function because ESOs/EBIs can have different psychological effects(motivation or de-motivation), and can create intangible capital and different economic payoffs. Although…

General Finance · Quantitative Finance 2020-03-05 Michael C. Nwogugu

Reasoning is not just about solving problems -- it is also about evaluating which problems are worth solving at all. Evaluations of artificial intelligence (AI) systems primarily focused on problem solving, historically by studying how…

Current Large Language Model (LLM) evaluation frameworks utilize the same static prompt template across all models under evaluation. This differs from the common industry practice of using prompt optimization (PO) techniques to optimize the…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-01 Nicholas Sadjoli , Tim Siefken , Atin Ghosh , Yifan Mai , Daniel Dahlmeier

Adversarial board games, as a paradigmatic domain of strategic reasoning and intelligence, have long served as both a popular competitive activity and a benchmark for evaluating artificial intelligence (AI) systems. Building on this…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-08-08 Yingjie Zhou , Jiezhang Cao , Farong Wen , Li Xu , Yanwei Jiang , Jun Jia , Ronghui Li , Xiaohong Liu , Yu Zhou , Xiongkuo Min , Jie Guo , Zicheng Zhang , Guangtao Zhai

Competitor rating systems for head-to-head games are typically used to measure playing strength from game outcomes. Ratings computed from these systems are often used to select top competitors for elite events, for pairing players of…

Methodology · Statistics 2025-07-14 Mark E. Glickman

With AlphaGo defeats top human players, reinforcement learning(RL) algorithms have gradually become the code-base of building stronger artificial intelligence(AI). The RL algorithm design firstly needs to adapt to the specific environment,…

How to better reduce measurement variability and bias introduced by subjectivity in crowdsourced labelling remains an open question. We introduce a theoretical framework for understanding how random error and measurement bias enter into…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2023-12-05 Hasti Narimanzadeh , Arash Badie-Modiri , Iuliia Smirnova , Ted Hsuan Yun Chen

PageRank and the Bradley-Terry model are competing approaches to ranking entities such as teams in sports tournaments or journals in citation networks. The Bradley-Terry model is a classical statistical method for ranking based on paired…

Methodology · Statistics 2024-02-13 David Antony Selby

As an effective nonparametric method, empirical likelihood (EL) is appealing in combining estimating equations flexibly and adaptively for incorporating data information. To select important variables and estimating equations in the sparse…

Methodology · Statistics 2021-07-02 Jiaqi Li , Liya Fu

Many real-world domains are subject to a structured non-stationarity which affects the agent's goals and the environmental dynamics. Meta-reinforcement learning (RL) has been shown successful for training agents that quickly adapt to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-05-20 Riccardo Poiani , Andrea Tirinzoni , Marcello Restelli

Interpretable classification models are built with the purpose of providing a comprehensible description of the decision logic to an external oversight agent. When considered in isolation, a decision tree, a set of classification rules, or…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-03-18 Riccardo Guidotti , Salvatore Ruggieri

Evaluating model robustness is critical when developing trustworthy models not only to gain deeper understanding of model behavior, strengths, and weaknesses, but also to develop future models that are generalizable and robust across…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-04-27 Maria Glenski , Ellyn Ayton , Robin Cosbey , Dustin Arendt , Svitlana Volkova