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The automatic generation of Verilog code using Large Language Models (LLMs) has garnered significant interest in hardware design automation. However, existing benchmarks for evaluating LLMs in Verilog generation fall short in replicating…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-07-23 Pengwei Jin , Di Huang , Chongxiao Li , Shuyao Cheng , Yang Zhao , Xinyao Zheng , Jiaguo Zhu , Shuyi Xing , Bohan Dou , Rui Zhang , Zidong Du , Qi Guo , Xing Hu

Dead code introduces several challenges in software development, such as increased binary size and maintenance difficulties. It can also obscure logical errors and be exploited for obfuscation in malware. For LLM-based code-related tasks,…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-06-16 Minyu Chen , Guoqiang Li , Ling-I Wu , Ruibang Liu

Code contains security and functional bugs. The process of identifying and localizing them is difficult and relies on human labor. In this work, we present a novel approach (FLAG) to assist human debuggers. FLAG is based on the lexical…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2023-06-23 Baleegh Ahmad , Benjamin Tan , Ramesh Karri , Hammond Pearce

In this study, we explore the capability of Large Language Models (LLMs) to automate hardware design by generating high-quality Verilog code, a common language for designing and modeling digital systems. We fine-tune pre-existing LLMs on…

Programming Languages · Computer Science 2023-08-03 Shailja Thakur , Baleegh Ahmad , Hammond Pearce , Benjamin Tan , Brendan Dolan-Gavitt , Ramesh Karri , Siddharth Garg

Methodology bugs in scientific Python code produce plausible but incorrect results that traditional linters and static analysis tools cannot detect. Several research groups have built ML-specific linters, demonstrating that detection is…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-03-19 Sergey V. Samsonau

Multilingual programming, which involves using multiple programming languages (PLs) in a single project, is increasingly common due to its benefits. However, it introduces cross-language bugs (CLBs), which arise from interactions between…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-04-22 Zengyang Li , Yimeng Li , Binbin Huang , Peng Liang , Ran Mo , Hui Liu , Yutao Ma

Large Language Model (LLM)-based systems present new opportunities for autonomous health monitoring in sensor-rich industrial environments. This study explores the potential of LLMs to detect and classify faults directly from sensor data,…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-09-30 Xian Yeow Lee , Lasitha Vidyaratne , Ahmed Farahat , Chetan Gupta

Large Language Models (LLMs) have revolutionized code generation but require significant resources and often over-generalize, limiting their task-specific efficiency. Fine-tuning smaller, open-source LLMs provides a cost-effective…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-27 Leitian Tao , Xiang Chen , Tong Yu , Tung Mai , Ryan Rossi , Yixuan Li , Saayan Mitra

Background: Leaking sensitive information - such as API keys, tokens, and credentials - in source code remains a persistent security threat. Traditional regex and entropy-based tools often generate high false positives due to limited…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-07-29 Md Nafiu Rahman , Sadif Ahmed , Zahin Wahab , S M Sohan , Rifat Shahriyar

Programming is a core skill in computer science and software engineering (SE), yet identifying and resolving code errors remains challenging for both novice and experienced developers. While Large Language Models (LLMs) have shown…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-03-27 Md Faizul Ibne Amin , Yutaka Watanobe , Md. Mostafizer Rahman , Daniel M. Muepu , Md. Shahajada Mia

Large Language Models (LLMs) are increasingly being studied for Software Vulnerability Detection (SVD) and Repair (SVR). Individual LLMs have demonstrated code understanding abilities, but they frequently struggle when identifying complex…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-12-16 Arastoo Zibaeirad , Marco Vieira

Large Language Models (LLMs) have become a focal point of research across various domains, including software engineering, where their capabilities are increasingly leveraged. Recent studies have explored the integration of LLMs into…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2024-10-14 Yi Wen Heng , Zeyang Ma , Zhenhao Li , Dong Jae Kim , Tse-Hsun , Chen

Good code style improves program readability, maintainability, and collaboration, and is an integral component of software quality. Developers, however, often cut corners when following style rules, leading to the wide adoption of tools…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-10-28 Ella Dodor , Cristina V. Lopes

Bug triaging, the task of assigning new issues to developers, is often slow and inconsistent in large projects. We present a lightweight framework that instruction-tuned large language model (LLM) with LoRA adapters and uses…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-09-01 Kiana Kiashemshaki , Arsham Khosravani , Alireza Hosseinpour , Arshia Akhavan

Large Language Models (LLMs) are increasingly used to automate hardware design tasks, including the generation of Verilog code. While early benchmarks focus primarily on functional correctness, efficient hardware design demands additional…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-17 Manar Abdelatty , Maryam Nouh , Jacob K. Rosenstein , Sherief Reda

LLM watermarking, which embeds imperceptible yet algorithmically detectable signals in model outputs to identify LLM-generated text, has become crucial in mitigating the potential misuse of large language models. However, the abundance of…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-10-29 Leyi Pan , Aiwei Liu , Zhiwei He , Zitian Gao , Xuandong Zhao , Yijian Lu , Binglin Zhou , Shuliang Liu , Xuming Hu , Lijie Wen , Irwin King , Philip S. Yu

Large language models (LLMs) have demonstrated immense potential in computer-aided design (CAD), particularly for automated debugging and verification within electronic design automation (EDA) tools. However, Design for Testability (DFT)…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2026-05-12 Haomin Qi , Yuyang Du , Lihao Zhang , Soung Chang Liew , Kexin Chen , Yining Du

Due to the impressive code comprehension ability of Large Language Models (LLMs), a few studies have proposed to leverage LLMs to locate bugs, i.e., LLM-based FL, and demonstrated promising performance. However, first, these methods are…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-02-19 Chuyang Xu , Zhongxin Liu , Xiaoxue Ren , Gehao Zhang , Ming Liang , David Lo

Software systems often record important runtime information in logs to help with troubleshooting. Log-based anomaly detection has become a key research area that aims to identify system issues through log data, ultimately enhancing the…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-04-15 Wei Guan , Jian Cao , Shiyou Qian , Jianqi Gao , Chun Ouyang

Large Language Models (LLMs) have demonstrated exceptional progress in multiple domains of software engineering including software vulnerability detection. Using LLMs to automate vulnerability detection in the wild is an important and…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-05-13 Rijha Safdar , Danyail Mateen , Syed Taha Ali , Wajahat Hussain