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Large Language Models (LLMs) have been extensively researched and used in both academia and industry since the rise in popularity of the Transformer model, which demonstrates excellent performance in AI. However, the computational demands…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-11-06 Jiedong Lang , Zhehao Guo , Shuyu Huang

Large Language Models (LLMs) enable advanced natural language processing but face deployment challenges on resource-constrained edge devices due to high computational, memory, and energy demands. Optimizing these models requires addressing…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-01-16 Jacob Sander , Brian Jalaian , Venkat R. Dasari

Deploying and fine-tuning Large Language Models (LLMs) on resource-constrained edge devices requires navigating a strict trade-off between memory footprint and task performance. While Quantization-Aware Fine-tuning has emerged as a viable…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-01-06 Changhai Zhou , Shiyang Zhang , Yuhua Zhou , Qian Qiao , Jun Gao , Shichao Weng , Weizhong Zhang , Cheng Jin

Binarization, which converts weight parameters to binary values, has emerged as an effective strategy to reduce the size of large language models (LLMs). However, typical binarization techniques significantly diminish linguistic…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-10-31 Dongwon Jo , Taesu Kim , Yulhwa Kim , Jae-Joon Kim

Pre-trained language models such as BERT have shown remarkable effectiveness in various natural language processing tasks. However, these models usually contain millions of parameters, which prevents them from practical deployment on…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-01-03 Changsheng Zhao , Ting Hua , Yilin Shen , Qian Lou , Hongxia Jin

Parameterized mathematical models play a central role in understanding and design of complex information systems. However, they often cannot take into account the intricate interactions innate to such systems. On the contrary, purely…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2019-12-02 Shahin Khobahi , Mojtaba Soltanalian

As deep learning methodologies have developed, it has been generally agreed that increasing neural network size improves model quality. However, this is at the expense of memory and compute requirements, which also need to be increased.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-08-07 Mitchelle Rasquinha , Gil Tabak

Large language models (LLMs) exhibit excellent performance in various tasks. However, the memory requirements of LLMs present a great challenge when deploying on memory-limited devices, even for quantized LLMs. This paper introduces a…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-02-24 Weilan Wang , Yu Mao , Dongdong Tang , Hongchao Du , Nan Guan , Chun Jason Xue

LLM development involves pre-training a foundation model on massive data, followed by fine-tuning on task-specific data to create specialized experts. Serving these experts can pose significant memory challenges, as loading all experts onto…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-29 Jing Liu , Ruihao Gong , Mingyang Zhang , Yefei He , Jianfei Cai , Bohan Zhuang

Mixed-precision Deep Neural Networks achieve the energy efficiency and throughput needed for hardware deployment, particularly when the resources are limited, without sacrificing accuracy. However, the optimal per-layer bit precision that…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-08-15 Mariam Rakka , Mohammed E. Fouda , Pramod Khargonekar , Fadi Kurdahi

The fast development of large language models (LLMs) and popularization of cloud computing have led to increasing concerns on privacy safeguarding and data security of cross-cloud model deployment and training as the key challenges. We…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-03-18 Ze Yang , Yihong Jin , Yihan Zhang , Juntian Liu , Xinhe Xu

Large language models (LLMs) have shown promising performance across various tasks. However, their autoregressive decoding process poses significant challenges for efficient deployment on existing AI hardware. Quantization alleviates memory…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-12-01 Guanxi Lu , Hao Mark Chen , Zhiqiang Que , Wayne Luk , Hongxiang Fan

Mixture-of-Experts Large Language Models (MoE-LLMs) achieve strong performance but incur substantial memory overhead due to massive expert parameters. Mixed-precision quantization mitigates this cost by allocating expert-wise bit-widths…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-25 Jianing Deng , Song Wang , Dongwei Wang , Zijie Liu , Tianlong Chen , Huanrui Yang , Jingtong Hu

The Segment Anything Model (SAM) is a popular vision foundation model; however, its high computational and memory demands make deployment on resource-constrained devices challenging. While Post-Training Quantization (PTQ) is a practical…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-05-09 Navin Ranjan , Andreas Savakis

Large Language Models (LLMs) with long chain-of-thought (CoT) capability, termed Reasoning Models, demonstrate superior intricate problem-solving abilities through multi-step long CoT reasoning. To create a dual-capability model with long…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-01-21 Junyao Yang , Jianwei Wang , Huiping Zhuang , Cen Chen , Ziqian Zeng

Merging Large Language Models (LLMs) is a cost-effective technique for combining multiple expert LLMs into a single versatile model, retaining the expertise of the original ones. However, current approaches often overlook the importance of…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-06-21 Hasan Abed Al Kader Hammoud , Umberto Michieli , Fabio Pizzati , Philip Torr , Adel Bibi , Bernard Ghanem , Mete Ozay

Mixing datasets for fine-tuning large models (LMs) has become critical for maximizing performance on downstream tasks. However, composing effective dataset mixtures typically relies on heuristics and trial-and-error, often requiring…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-05-23 Zhixu Silvia Tao , Kasper Vinken , Hao-Wei Yeh , Avi Cooper , Xavier Boix

A flurry of recent work has demonstrated that pre-trained large language models (LLMs) can be effective task planners for a variety of single-robot tasks. The planning performance of LLMs is significantly improved via prompting techniques,…

Robotics · Computer Science 2024-03-25 Yongchao Chen , Jacob Arkin , Yang Zhang , Nicholas Roy , Chuchu Fan

Although considerable progress has been obtained in neural network quantization for efficient inference, existing methods are not scalable to heterogeneous devices as one dedicated model needs to be trained, transmitted, and stored for one…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-12-13 Hai Wu , Ruifei He , Haoru Tan , Xiaojuan Qi , Kaibin Huang

Modern foundation models such as large language models (LLMs) and large multi-modal models (LMMs) require a massive amount of computational and memory resources. We propose a new framework to convert such LLMs/LMMs into a reduced-dimension…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-05-27 Toshiaki Koike-Akino , Xiangyu Chen , Jing Liu , Ye Wang , Pu , Wang , Matthew Brand