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Related papers: Policy Learning with Confidence

200 papers

The relationship of policy choice by majority voting and by maximization of utilitarian welfare has long been discussed. I consider choice between a status quo and a proposed policy when persons have interpersonally comparable cardinal…

Theoretical Economics · Economics 2024-12-30 Charles F. Manski

Threshold policies are decision rules that assign treatments based on whether an observable characteristic exceeds a certain threshold. They are widespread across multiple domains, including welfare programs, taxation, and clinical…

Econometrics · Economics 2025-04-08 Federico Crippa

We provide two methodological insights on \emph{ex ante} policy evaluation for macro models of economic development. First, we show that the problems of parameter instability and lack of behavioral constancy can be overcome by considering…

General Economics · Economics 2019-02-04 Gonzalo Castaeda , Omar A. Guerrero

Virtually all machine learning tasks are characterized using some form of loss function, and "good performance" is typically stated in terms of a sufficiently small average loss, taken over the random draw of test data. While optimizing for…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2023-12-01 Matthew J. Holland , Kazuki Tanabe

Class imbalance poses a significant challenge in classification tasks, where traditional approaches often lead to biased models and unreliable predictions. Undersampling and oversampling techniques have been commonly employed to address…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-22 Matt Clifford , Jonathan Erskine , Alexander Hepburn , Raúl Santos-Rodríguez , Dario Garcia-Garcia

Reliable uncertainty quantification is crucial for reinforcement learning (RL) in high-stakes settings. We propose a unified conformal prediction framework for infinite-horizon policy evaluation that constructs distribution-free prediction…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2025-10-31 Feichen Gan , Youcun Lu , Yingying Zhang , Yukun Liu

The policy gradient approach is a flexible and powerful reinforcement learning method particularly for problems with continuous actions such as robot control. A common challenge in this scenario is how to reduce the variance of policy…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2013-01-18 Tingting Zhao , Hirotaka Hachiya , Voot Tangkaratt , Jun Morimoto , Masashi Sugiyama

This study proposes the General Bayes framework for policy learning. We consider decision problems in which a decision-maker chooses an action from an action set to maximize its expected welfare. Typical examples include treatment choice…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2026-03-02 Masahiro Kato

Identifying uncertainty and taking mitigating actions is crucial for safe and trustworthy reinforcement learning agents, especially when deployed in high-risk environments. In this paper, risk sensitivity is promoted in a model-based…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-11-10 Stefan Radic Webster , Peter Flach

We consider the problem of reinforcement learning when provided with (1) a baseline control policy and (2) a set of constraints that the learner must satisfy. The baseline policy can arise from demonstration data or a teacher agent and may…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-07-13 Tsung-Yen Yang , Justinian Rosca , Karthik Narasimhan , Peter J. Ramadge

Many applications in Reinforcement Learning (RL) usually have noise or stochasticity present in the environment. Beyond their impact on learning, these uncertainties lead the exact same policy to perform differently, i.e. yield different…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-01-23 Manon Flageat , Bryan Lim , Antoine Cully

I consider a class of statistical decision problems in which the policymaker must decide between two policies to maximize social welfare (e.g., the population mean of an outcome) based on a finite sample. The framework introduced in this…

Econometrics · Economics 2025-03-04 Kohei Yata

We consider the problem of sequentially making decisions that are rewarded by "successes" and "failures" which can be predicted through an unknown relationship that depends on a partially controllable vector of attributes for each instance.…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2017-09-18 Yingfei Wang , Chu Wang , Warren Powell

Ensuring safety is a crucial challenge when deploying reinforcement learning (RL) to real-world systems. We develop confidence-based safety filters, a control-theoretic approach for certifying state safety constraints for nominal policies…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-07-05 Sebastian Curi , Armin Lederer , Sandra Hirche , Andreas Krause

Estimating the value function for a fixed policy is a fundamental problem in reinforcement learning. Policy evaluation algorithms---to estimate value functions---continue to be developed, to improve convergence rates, improve stability and…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2018-08-29 Touqir Sajed , Wesley Chung , Martha White

Large-scale online recommendation systems must facilitate the allocation of a limited number of items among competing users while learning their preferences from user feedback. As a principled way of incorporating market constraints and…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-12-15 Yigit Efe Erginbas , Soham Phade , Kannan Ramchandran

Strong empirical evidence from laboratory experiments, and more recently from population surveys, shows that individuals, when evaluating their situations, pay attention to whether they experience gains or losses, with losses weighing more…

Theoretical Economics · Economics 2025-10-17 Martyna Kobus , Radosław Kurek , Thomas Parker

We introduce a universal policy wrapper for reinforcement learning agents that ensures formal goal-reaching guarantees. In contrast to standard reinforcement learning algorithms that excel in performance but lack rigorous safety assurances,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-05-20 Anton Bolychev , Georgiy Malaniya , Grigory Yaremenko , Anastasia Krasnaya , Pavel Osinenko

The impact of machine learning models on healthcare will depend on the degree of trust that healthcare professionals place in the predictions made by these models. In this paper, we present a method to provide people with clinical expertise…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-03-05 Aniruddh Raghu , John Guttag , Katherine Young , Eugene Pomerantsev , Adrian V. Dalca , Collin M. Stultz

An increasing number of decisions are guided by machine learning algorithms. In many settings, from consumer credit to criminal justice, those decisions are made by applying an estimator to data on an individual's observed behavior. But…

Theoretical Economics · Economics 2020-04-09 Daniel Björkegren , Joshua E. Blumenstock , Samsun Knight