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Real-world time series often exhibit a non-stationary nature, degrading the performance of pre-trained forecasting models. Test-Time Adaptation (TTA) addresses this by adjusting models during inference, but existing methods typically update…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-07-01 Heitor R. Medeiros , Hossein Sharifi-Noghabi , Gabriel L. Oliveira , Saghar Irandoust

The diversity of time series applications and scarcity of domain-specific data highlight the need for time-series models with strong few-shot learning capabilities. In this work, we propose a novel training scheme and a transformer-based…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-02-25 Ege Onur Taga , M. Emrullah Ildiz , Samet Oymak

Foundation models (FMs) have shown prominent success in a wide range of tasks. Their applicability to specific domain-task pairings relies on the availability of, both, high-quality data and significant computational resources. These…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-11-10 Lekang Jiang , Filip Svoboda , Nicholas D. Lane

Recently, foundation models, particularly large language models (LLMs), have demonstrated an impressive ability to adapt to various tasks by fine-tuning diverse instruction data. Notably, federated foundation models (FedFM) emerge as a…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-12-03 Yiyuan Yang , Guodong Long , Tao Shen , Jing Jiang , Michael Blumenstein

While Time Series Foundation Models (TSFMs) have demonstrated exceptional performance in generalized forecasting, their performance often degrades significantly when deployed in real-world vertical domains characterized by temporal…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-17 Xiaoyun Yu , Li fan , Xiangfei Qiu , Nanqing Dong , Yonggui Huang , Honggang Qi , Geguang Pu , Wanli Ouyang , Xi Chen , Jilin Hu

In multivariate time series forecasting (MTSF), accurately modeling the intricate dependencies among multiple variables remains a significant challenge due to the inherent limitations of traditional approaches. Most existing models adopt…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-11-19 Yuchen Luo , Xinyu Li , Liuhua Peng , Mingming Gong

Recent advancements in deep learning have led to the development of Foundation Models (FMs) for weather forecasting, yet their ability to predict extreme weather events remains limited. Existing approaches either focus on general weather…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-12-12 Hang Ni , Weijia Zhang , Hao Liu

In the past few years, time series foundation models have achieved superior predicting accuracy. However, real-world time series often exhibit significant diversity in their temporal patterns across different time spans and domains, making…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-19 Aobo Liang , Yan Sun , Xiaohou Shi , Ke Li

Pre-trained Time Series Foundational Models (TSFMs) represent a significant advance, capable of forecasting diverse time series with complex characteristics, including varied seasonalities, trends, and long-range dependencies. Despite their…

Bases have become an integral part of modern deep learning-based models for time series forecasting due to their ability to act as feature extractors or future references. To be effective, a basis must be tailored to the specific set of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-01-19 Zelin Ni , Hang Yu , Shizhan Liu , Jianguo Li , Weiyao Lin

Transformer-based models are at the forefront in long time-series forecasting (LTSF). While in many cases, these models are able to achieve state of the art results, they suffer from a bias toward low-frequencies in the data and high…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-13 Elisha Dayag , Nhat Thanh Van Tran , Jack Xin

Time series forecasting serves as an essential tool for many real-world applications, supporting tasks such as resource optimization and decision-making. Despite significant architectural advancements, most modern models still treat…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-12 Sheng Pan , Ming Jin , Bo Du , Shirui Pan

Pre-trained Large Language Models (LLMs) encapsulate large amounts of knowledge and take enormous amounts of compute to train. We make use of this resource, together with the observation that LLMs are able to transfer knowledge and…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-01-14 Malcolm L. Wolff , Shenghao Yang , Kari Torkkola , Michael W. Mahoney

Transformer-based models have emerged as powerful tools for multivariate time series forecasting (MTSF). However, existing Transformer models often fall short of capturing both intricate dependencies across variate and temporal dimensions…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-06-10 Juncheng Liu , Chenghao Liu , Gerald Woo , Yiwei Wang , Bryan Hooi , Caiming Xiong , Doyen Sahoo

Multivariate time series forecasting is crucial across various industries, where accurate extraction of complex periodic and trend components can significantly enhance prediction performance. However, existing models often struggle to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-05-08 Yulong Wang , Yushuo Liu , Xiaoyi Duan , Kai Wang

Medical Foundation Models (MFMs), trained on large-scale datasets, have demonstrated superior performance across various tasks. However, these models still struggle with domain gaps in practical applications. Specifically, even after…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-03-04 Jia-Xuan Jiang , Wenhui Lei , Yifeng Wu , Hongtao Wu , Furong Li , Yining Xie , Xiaofan Zhang , Zhong Wang

Long-term time series forecasting (LTSF) is important for various domains but is confronted by challenges in handling the complex temporal-contextual relationships. As multivariate input models underperforming some recent univariate…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2026-02-06 Jiecheng Lu , Xu Han , Shihao Yang

There has been a recent surge of interest in time series modeling using the Transformer architecture. However, forecasting multivariate time series with Transformer presents a unique challenge as it requires modeling both temporal…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-07-04 Yu-Hsiang Lan , Eric K. Oermann

Foundation models (FMs) have emerged as a promising approach for time series forecasting. While effective, FMs typically remain fixed during deployment due to the high computational costs of learning them online. Consequently, deployed FMs…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-07-31 Thomas L. Lee , William Toner , Rajkarn Singh , Artjom Joosen , Martin Asenov

Inspired by the success of large language models (LLMs) in natural language processing, recent research has explored the building of time series foundation models and applied them to tasks such as forecasting, classification, and anomaly…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-06-04 Chihiro Maru , Shoetsu Sato