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Artificial intelligence (AI)-driven methods can vastly improve the historically costly drug design process, with various generative models already in widespread use. Generative models for de novo drug design, in particular, focus on the…

Biomolecules · Quantitative Biology 2024-06-27 Xiangru Tang , Howard Dai , Elizabeth Knight , Fang Wu , Yunyang Li , Tianxiao Li , Mark Gerstein

Deep learning approaches have produced substantial breakthroughs in fields such as image classification and natural language processing and are making rapid inroads in the area of protein design. Many generative models of proteins have been…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-09-29 Alexey Strokach , Philip M. Kim

Proteins are complex biomolecules that perform a variety of crucial functions within living organisms. Designing and generating novel proteins can pave the way for many future synthetic biology applications, including drug discovery.…

Protein interaction modeling is central to protein design, which has been transformed by machine learning with applications in drug discovery and beyond. In this landscape, structure-based de novo binder design is cast as either conditional…

Protein diffusion models have emerged as a promising approach for protein design. One such pioneering model is Genie, a method that asymmetrically represents protein structures during the forward and backward processes, using simple…

Biomolecules · Quantitative Biology 2024-05-27 Yeqing Lin , Minji Lee , Zhao Zhang , Mohammed AlQuraishi

The design of novel proteins has many applications but remains an attritional process with success in isolated cases. Meanwhile, deep learning technologies have exploded in popularity in recent years and are increasingly applicable to…

Biomolecules · Quantitative Biology 2018-11-07 Joe G Greener , Lewis Moffat , David T Jones

Sparked by innovations in generative artificial intelligence (AI), the field of protein design has undergone a paradigm shift with an explosion of new models for optimizing existing enzymes or creating them from scratch. After more than one…

Biomolecules · Quantitative Biology 2026-02-04 Lasse Middendorf , Noelia Ferruz

Recent advances in generative models, particularly diffusion and auto-regressive models, have revolutionized fields like computer vision and natural language processing. However, their application to structure-based drug design (SBDD)…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-07-29 Yi He , Ailun Wang , Zhi Wang , Yu Liu , Xingyuan Xu , Wen Yan

High-quality training datasets are crucial for the development of effective protein design models, but existing synthetic datasets often include unfavorable sequence-structure pairs, impairing generative model performance. We leverage…

Computational protein design, i.e. inferring novel and diverse protein sequences consistent with a given structure, remains a major unsolved challenge. Recently, deep generative models that learn from sequences alone or from sequences and…

Biomolecules · Quantitative Biology 2021-11-15 Igor Melnyk , Payel Das , Vijil Chenthamarakshan , Aurelie Lozano

Function-guided protein design is a crucial task with significant applications in drug discovery and enzyme engineering. However, the field lacks a unified and comprehensive evaluation framework. Current models are assessed using…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-09-30 Jiahao Kuang , Nuowei Liu , Jie Wang , Changzhi Sun , Tao Ji , Yuanbin Wu

Protein structures and functions are determined by a contiguous arrangement of amino acid sequences. Designing novel protein sequences and structures with desired geometry and functions is a complex task with large state spaces. Here we…

Chemical Physics · Physics 2022-09-01 Xeerak Agha , Nihang Fu , Jianjun Hu

Identifying novel functional protein structures is at the heart of molecular engineering and molecular biology, requiring an often computationally exhaustive search. We introduce the use of a Deep Convolutional Generative Adversarial…

Biomolecules · Quantitative Biology 2021-04-20 Ethan Moyer , Jeff Winchell , Isamu Isozaki , Yigit Alparslan , Mali Halac , Edward Kim

Proteins typically exist in complexes, interacting with other proteins or biomolecules to perform their specific biological roles. Research on single-chain protein modeling has been extensively and deeply explored, with advancements seen in…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-09-09 Ruizhe Chen , Dongyu Xue , Xiangxin Zhou , Zaixiang Zheng , Xiangxiang Zeng , Quanquan Gu

Designing novel protein sequences for a desired 3D topological fold is a fundamental yet non-trivial task in protein engineering. Challenges exist due to the complex sequence--fold relationship, as well as the difficulties to capture the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-06-25 Yue Cao , Payel Das , Vijil Chenthamarakshan , Pin-Yu Chen , Igor Melnyk , Yang Shen

Protein design has the potential to revolutionize biotechnology and medicine. While most efforts have focused on proteins with well-defined structures, increased recognition of the functional significance of intrinsically disordered…

Biomolecules · Quantitative Biology 2025-09-17 Giulio Tesei , Francesco Pesce , Kresten Lindorff-Larsen

The design of protein sequences with desired functionalities is a fundamental task in protein engineering. Deep generative methods, such as autoregressive models and diffusion models, have greatly accelerated the discovery of novel protein…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-04-16 Zitai Kong , Yiheng Zhu , Yinlong Xu , Hanjing Zhou , Mingzhe Yin , Jialu Wu , Hongxia Xu , Chang-Yu Hsieh , Tingjun Hou , Jian Wu

Evolution is an extraordinary engine for enzymatic diversity, yet the chemistry it has explored remains a narrow slice of what DNA can encode. Deep generative models can design new proteins that bind ligands, but none have created enzymes…

Proteins are macromolecules responsible for essential functions in almost all living organisms. Designing reasonable proteins with desired functions is crucial. A protein's sequence and structure are strongly correlated and they together…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-01-10 Zhenqiao Song , Yunlong Zhao , Wenxian Shi , Yang Yang , Lei Li

In recent work we reported the vibrational spectrum of more than 100,000 known protein structures, and a self-consistent sonification method to render the spectrum in the audible range of frequencies (Extreme Mechanics Letters, 2019). Here…

Biological Physics · Physics 2020-04-17 Markus J. Buehler