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The mathematical theory of compressed sensing (CS) asserts that one can acquire signals from measurements whose rate is much lower than the total bandwidth. Whereas the CS theory is now well developed, challenges concerning hardware…
In almost every scientific field, an experiment involves collecting data and then analysing it. The analysis stage will often consist in trying to extract some physical parameter and estimating its uncertainty; this is known as Parameter…
The Pierre Auger Observatory detects the highest energy cosmic rays. Calorimetric measurements of extensive air showers induced by cosmic rays are performed with a fluorescence detector. Thus, one of the main challenges is the atmospheric…
We closely replicated and extended a recent experiment ("Spatial properties of entangled two-photon absorption," Phys. Rev. Lett. 129, 183601, 2022) that reportedly observed enhancement of two-photon absorption rates in molecular samples by…
The basic principle of astronomical interferometry is to derive the angular distribution of radiation in the sky from the Fourier transform of the electric field on the ground. What is so special about the Fourier transform? Nothing, it…
Fourier back plane (FBP) imaging technique has been widely used in the frontier research of nanophotonics. In this paper, based on the diffraction theory and wave front transformation principle, the FBP imaging basic principle, the setup…
Interferometers provide a highly sensitive means to investigate and exploit the coherence properties of light in metrology applications. However, interferometers come in various forms and exploit different properties of the optical states…
Fluorescence imaging is the most widely used method for unveiling the molecular composition of biological specimens. However, the weak optical emission of fluorescent probes and the tradeoff between imaging speed and sensitivity is…
In a recent experiment by Eichmann et al., polarization-sensitive measurements of the fluorescence from two four-level ions driven by a linearly polarized laser were made. Depending on the polarization chosen, different degrees of…
In vivo fluorescence imaging in the second near-infrared window (1.0-1.7 microns) can afford deep tissue penetration and high spatial resolution, owing to the reduced scattering of long-wavelength photons. Here, we synthesize a series of…
The analysis of the Doppler effect for photons in rotating systems, studied using the M\"ossbauer effect, confirms the general conclusions of a previous paper dedicated to experiments with photons emitted/absorbed by atoms/nuclei in…
Fluorescence microscopy is of vital importance for understanding biological function. However most fluorescence experiments are only qualitative inasmuch as the absolute number of fluorescent particles can often not be determined.…
Detection of the air-fluorescence radiation induced by the charged particles of extensive air showers is a well-established technique for the study of ultra-high energy cosmic rays. Fluorescence telescopes provide a nearly calorimetric…
It is shown here that precision is gained by analyzing the interferometric spectra directly from the interferograms, with no previous Fourier transformation to put them in the standard frequency domain. The method is based on the…
The currently existing theory of fluorescence correlation spectroscopy(FCS) is based on the linear fluctuation theory originally developed by Einstein, Onsager, Lax, and others as a phenomenological approach to equilibrium fluctuations in…
Analyzing time series in the frequency domain enables the development of powerful tools for investigating the second-order characteristics of multivariate processes. Parameters like the spectral density matrix and its inverse, the coherence…
The analysis of time variability, whether fast variations on time scales well below the second or slow changes over years, is becoming more and more important in high-energy astronomy. Many sophisticated tools are available for data…
Coupling between electrical and mechanical phenomena is a near-universal characteristic of inorganic and biological systems alike, with examples ranging from ferroelectric perovskites to electromotor proteins in cellular membranes.…
Melanosomes are organelles found in a wide variety of tissues throughout the animal kingdom. They contain a variety of biological molecules, but the dominant constituent is the pigment melanin, and many functions ascribed to melanosomes,…
Often sharp changes in cellular behavior are triggered by thresholded events, i.e., by the attainment of a threshold value of a relevant cellular or molecular dynamical variable. Since the governing variable itself typically undergoes noisy…