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Present-day, noisy, small or intermediate-scale quantum processors---although far from fault-tolerant---support the execution of heuristic quantum algorithms, which might enable a quantum advantage, for example, when applied to…

The multi-angle quantum approximate optimization algorithm (ma-QAOA) is a recently introduced algorithm that gives at least the same approximation ratio as the quantum approximate optimization algorithm (QAOA) and, in most cases, gives a…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-09-30 Anthony Wilkie , James Ostrowski , Rebekah Herrman

Variational quantum algorithms, such as the Recursive Quantum Approximate Optimization Algorithm (RQAOA), have become increasingly popular, offering promising avenues for employing Noisy Intermediate-Scale Quantum devices to address…

Emerging Technologies · Computer Science 2025-06-04 Shuaiqun Pan , Yash J. Patel , Aneta Neumann , Frank Neumann , Thomas Bäck , Hao Wang

The aircraft loading optimization problem is a computationally hard problem with the best known classical algorithm scaling exponentially with the number of objects. We propose a quantum approach based on a multi-angle variant of the QAOA…

Solving optimization tasks using variational quantum algorithms has emerged as a crucial application of the current noisy intermediate-scale quantum devices. However, these algorithms face several difficulties like finding suitable ansatz…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-06-22 Pranav Chandarana , Pablo S. Vieites , Narendra N. Hegade , Enrique Solano , Yue Ban , Xi Chen

Data detection in large-scale multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) systems with higher-order quadrature amplitude modulation (QAM) remains a challenging problem due to the exponential complexity of the classical maximum likelihood (ML)…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-04-21 Soumyadip Paul , Sourav Banerjee , Debanjan Bhowmik , Neel Kanth Kundu

We show how to apply the recursive quantum approximate optimization algorithm (RQAOA) to MAX-$k$-CUT, the problem of finding an approximate $k$-vertex coloring of a graph. We compare this proposal to the best known classical and hybrid…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-04-20 Sergey Bravyi , Alexander Kliesch , Robert Koenig , Eugene Tang

We investigated the quantum effects of a frustrated Ising model on a two-dimensional square lattice using the Quantum Approximate Optimization Algorithm (QAOA). While strong spin frustration is known to induce quantum fluctuations at low…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2025-07-11 Seunghan Lee , Hunpyo Lee

The quantum approximate optimization algorithm (QAOA) has emerged as a promising candidate for demonstrating quantum advantage on noisy intermediate-scale quantum (NISQ) devices. While various QAOA parameterization schemes exist, ranging…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-05-05 Evan Camilleri , André Xuereb , Tony J. G. Apollaro , Mirko Consiglio

The quantum approximate optimization algorithm (QAOA) is a promising quantum algorithm that can be used to approximately solve combinatorial optimization problems. The usual QAOA ansatz consists of an alternating application of the cost and…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-11-01 Anthony Wilkie , Igor Gaidai , James Ostrowski , Rebekah Herrman

The performance of the Quantum Approximate Optimisation Algorithm (QAOA) relies on the setting of optimal parameters in each layer of the circuit. This is no trivial task, and much literature has focused on the challenge of finding optimal…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-02-14 Vivek Katial , Kate Smith-Miles , Charles Hill

We show through numerical simulation that the Quantum Approximate Optimization Algorithm (QAOA) for higher-order, random-coefficient, heavy-hex compatible spin glass Ising models has strong parameter concentration across problem sizes from…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-11-13 Elijah Pelofske , Andreas Bärtschi , Lukasz Cincio , John Golden , Stephan Eidenbenz

The quantum approximate optimization algorithm (QAOA) is a near-term combinatorial optimization algorithm suitable for noisy quantum devices. However, little is known about performance guarantees for $p>2$. A recent work…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-07-20 Jonathan Wurtz , Danylo Lykov

The quantum approximate optimization algorithm (QAOA) has been introduced as a heuristic digital quantum computing scheme to find approximate solutions of combinatorial problems with shallow circuits. We present a scheme to parallelize this…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2018-03-02 Wolfgang Lechner

Understanding the best known parameters, performance, and systematic behavior of the Quantum Approximate Optimization Algorithm (QAOA) remain open research questions, even as the algorithm gains popularity. We introduce QAOAKit, a Python…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-04-19 Ruslan Shaydulin , Kunal Marwaha , Jonathan Wurtz , Phillip C. Lotshaw

We propose a new method to extend the size of a quantum computation beyond the number of physical qubits available on a single device. This is accomplished by randomly inserting measure-and-prepare channels to express the output state of a…

The prospect of using quantum computers to solve combinatorial optimization problems via the quantum approximate optimization algorithm (QAOA) has attracted considerable interest in recent years. However, a key limitation associated with…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-01-05 Alicia B. Magann , Kenneth M. Rudinger , Matthew D. Grace , Mohan Sarovar

Quantum computing is an emerging field on the multidisciplinary interface between physics, engineering, and computer science with the potential to make a large impact on computational intelligence (CI). The aim of this paper is to introduce…

The Quantum approximate optimization algorithm (QAOA) is one of the most promising candidates for achieving quantum advantage through quantum-enhanced combinatorial optimization. In a typical QAOA setup, a set of quantum circuit parameters…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-06-15 Alexey Galda , Xiaoyuan Liu , Danylo Lykov , Yuri Alexeev , Ilya Safro

Quantum computers are expected to offer significant advantages in solving complex optimization problems that are challenging for classical computers. Quadratic Unconstrained Binary Optimization (QUBO) problems represent an important class…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-10-15 Teemu Pihkakoski , Aravind Plathanam Babu , Pauli Taipale , Petri Liimatta , Matti Silveri