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This book chapter delves into the dynamics of continual learning, which is the process of incrementally learning from a non-stationary stream of data. Although continual learning is a natural skill for the human brain, it is very…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-09-11 Gido M. van de Ven , Nicholas Soures , Dhireesha Kudithipudi

Catastrophic forgetting is the primary challenge that hinders continual learning, which refers to a neural network ability to sequentially learn multiple tasks while retaining previously acquired knowledge. Elastic Weight Consolidation, a…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-07-15 Brandon Shuen Yi Loke , Filippo Quadri , Gabriel Vivanco , Maximilian Casagrande , Saúl Fenollosa

Neural networks notoriously suffer from the problem of catastrophic forgetting, the phenomenon of forgetting the past knowledge when acquiring new knowledge. Overcoming catastrophic forgetting is of significant importance to emulate the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-04-20 Christian Simon , Piotr Koniusz , Mehrtash Harandi

Continual learning is the problem of learning new tasks or knowledge while protecting old knowledge and ideally generalizing from old experience to learn new tasks faster. Neural networks trained by stochastic gradient descent often degrade…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-11-27 David Rolnick , Arun Ahuja , Jonathan Schwarz , Timothy P. Lillicrap , Greg Wayne

Catastrophic forgetting is the notorious vulnerability of neural networks to the change of the data distribution while learning. This phenomenon has long been considered a major obstacle for allowing the use of learning agents in realistic…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2019-02-13 Chen Zeno , Itay Golan , Elad Hoffer , Daniel Soudry

Continual learning on sequential data is critical for many machine learning (ML) deployments. Unfortunately, LSTM networks, which are commonly used to learn on sequential data, suffer from catastrophic forgetting and are limited in their…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-05-30 Ketaki Joshi , Raghavendra Pradyumna Pothukuchi , Andre Wibisono , Abhishek Bhattacharjee

Deep neural networks are known to suffer the catastrophic forgetting problem, where they tend to forget the knowledge from the previous tasks when sequentially learning new tasks. Such failure hinders the application of deep learning based…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2018-12-04 Junfeng Wen , Yanshuai Cao , Ruitong Huang

To cope with real-world dynamics, an intelligent system needs to incrementally acquire, update, and exploit knowledge throughout its lifetime. This ability, known as Continual learning, provides a foundation for AI systems to develop…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-12-19 Hesham G. Moussa , Aroosa Hameed , Arashmid Akhavain

The ability to learn more and more concepts over time from incrementally arriving data is essential for the development of a life-long learning system. However, deep neural networks often suffer from forgetting previously learned concepts…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-07-08 Huaiyu Li , Weiming Dong , Bao-Gang Hu

Human being and different species of animals having the skills to gather, transferring knowledge, processing, fine-tune and generating information throughout their lifetime. The ability of learning throughout their lifespan is referred as…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-05-15 Ashutosh Kumar , Sonali Agarwal , D Jude Hemanth

Existing research on continual learning of a sequence of tasks focused on dealing with catastrophic forgetting, where the tasks are assumed to be dissimilar and have little shared knowledge. Some work has also been done to transfer…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-12-21 Zixuan Ke , Bing Liu , Xingchang Huang

Continual Learning research typically focuses on tackling the phenomenon of catastrophic forgetting in neural networks. Catastrophic forgetting is associated with an abrupt loss of knowledge previously learned by a model when the task, or…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-04-06 MohammadReza Davari , Nader Asadi , Sudhir Mudur , Rahaf Aljundi , Eugene Belilovsky

This paper describes some of the possibilities of artificial neural networks that open up after solving the problem of catastrophic forgetting. A simple model and reinforcement learning applications of existing methods are also proposed.

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2018-08-23 Albert Ierusalem

A primary focus area in continual learning research is alleviating the "catastrophic forgetting" problem in neural networks by designing new algorithms that are more robust to the distribution shifts. While the recent progress in continual…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-07-15 Seyed Iman Mirzadeh , Arslan Chaudhry , Dong Yin , Huiyi Hu , Razvan Pascanu , Dilan Gorur , Mehrdad Farajtabar

In the present era of deep learning, continual learning research is mainly focused on mitigating forgetting when training a neural network with stochastic gradient descent on a non-stationary stream of data. On the other hand, in the more…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-05-30 Soochan Lee , Hyeonseong Jeon , Jaehyeon Son , Gunhee Kim

Catastrophic forgetting means that a trained neural network model gradually forgets the previously learned tasks when being retrained on new tasks. Overcoming the forgetting problem is a major problem in machine learning. Numerous continual…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-07-19 Yujiang He , Bernhard Sick

Despite huge success, deep networks are unable to learn effectively in sequential multitask learning settings as they forget the past learned tasks after learning new tasks. Inspired from complementary learning systems theory, we address…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-06-04 Mohammad Rostami , Soheil Kolouri , Praveen K. Pilly

People learn throughout life. However, incrementally updating conventional neural networks leads to catastrophic forgetting. A common remedy is replay, which is inspired by how the brain consolidates memory. Replay involves fine-tuning a…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-07-14 Tyler L. Hayes , Kushal Kafle , Robik Shrestha , Manoj Acharya , Christopher Kanan

In recent years, neural networks have demonstrated an outstanding ability to achieve complex learning tasks across various domains. However, they suffer from the "catastrophic forgetting" problem when they face a sequence of learning tasks,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-04-27 Seyed-Iman Mirzadeh , Mehrdad Farajtabar , Hassan Ghasemzadeh

Catastrophic forgetting (CF) happens whenever a neural network overwrites past knowledge while being trained on new tasks. Common techniques to handle CF include regularization of the weights (using, e.g., their importance on past tasks),…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-12-29 Jary Pomponi , Simone Scardapane , Aurelio Uncini