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Legged locomotion is a complex control problem that requires both accuracy and robustness to cope with real-world challenges. Legged systems have traditionally been controlled using trajectory optimization with inverse dynamics. Such…

Robotics · Computer Science 2024-01-23 Fabian Jenelten , Junzhe He , Farbod Farshidian , Marco Hutter

Shared Control methods often use impedance control to track target poses in a robotic manipulator. The guidance behavior of such controllers is shaped by the used stiffness gains, which can be varying over time to achieve an adaptive…

We present a method for efficient learning of control policies for multiple related robotic motor skills. Our approach consists of two stages, joint training and specialization training. During the joint training stage, a neural network…

Robotics · Computer Science 2018-03-06 Wenhao Yu , C. Karen Liu , Greg Turk

Reinforcement learning (RL) has enabled robust quadruped locomotion over complex terrain, but most learned controllers are trained offline with backpropagation in massively parallel simulation and deployed as fixed policies, limiting…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2026-05-12 Zhuangyu Han , Abhronil Sengupta

Mastering robotic manipulation skills through reinforcement learning (RL) typically requires the design of shaped reward functions. Recent developments in this area have demonstrated that using sparse rewards, i.e. rewarding the agent only…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-11-12 Ozsel Kilinc , Giovanni Montana

Agile-legged robots have proven to be highly effective in navigating and performing tasks in complex and challenging environments, including disaster zones and industrial settings. However, these applications normally require the capability…

Robotics · Computer Science 2024-04-09 Mohsen Sombolestan , Quan Nguyen

Achieving stable and robust perceptive locomotion for bipedal robots in unstructured outdoor environments remains a critical challenge due to complex terrain geometry and susceptibility to external disturbances. In this work, we propose a…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-10-21 Haokai Su , Haoxiang Luo , Shunpeng Yang , Kaiwen Jiang , Wei Zhang , Hua Chen

Reinforcement learning (RL) has become a promising approach to developing controllers for quadrupedal robots. Conventionally, an RL design for locomotion follows a position-based paradigm, wherein an RL policy outputs target joint positions…

Robotics · Computer Science 2023-03-14 Shuxiao Chen , Bike Zhang , Mark W. Mueller , Akshara Rai , Koushil Sreenath

We propose a novel hierarchical reinforcement learning framework for quadruped locomotion over challenging terrain. Our approach incorporates a two-layer hierarchy in which a high-level policy (HLP) selects optimal goals for a low-level…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-06-26 Jeremiah Coholich , Muhammad Ali Murtaza , Seth Hutchinson , Zsolt Kira

Humanoid robots have demonstrated impressive motor skills in a wide range of tasks, yet whole-body control for humanlike long-time, dynamic fighting remains particularly challenging due to the stringent requirements on agility and…

Robotics · Computer Science 2026-04-24 Yucheng Xin , Jiacheng Bao , Yubo Dong , Xueqian Wang , Bin Zhao , Xuelong Li , Junbo Tan , Dong Wang

Due to brain-body co-evolution, animals' intrinsic body dynamics play a crucial role in energy-efficient locomotion, which shares control effort between active muscles and passive body dynamics -- a principle known as Embodied Physical…

Robotics · Computer Science 2026-04-02 Huyue Ma , Yurui Jin , Helmut Hauser , Rui Wu

While the animals' Fin-to-Limb evolution has been well-researched in biology, such morphological transformation remains under-adopted in the modern design of advanced robotic limbs. This paper investigates a novel class of overconstrained…

Legged locomotion is a highly promising but under-researched subfield within the field of soft robotics. The compliant limbs of soft-limbed robots offer numerous benefits, including the ability to regulate impacts, tolerate falls, and…

This paper presents a novel model-free reinforcement learning (RL) framework to design feedback control policies for 3D bipedal walking. Existing RL algorithms are often trained in an end-to-end manner or rely on prior knowledge of some…

Robotics · Computer Science 2019-10-07 Guillermo A. Castillo , Bowen Weng , Wei Zhang , Ayonga Hereid

A bio-inspired, passively deployable flap attached to an airfoil by a torsional spring of fixed stiffness can provide significant lift improvements at post-stall angles of attack. In this work, we describe a hybrid active-passive variant to…

Fluid Dynamics · Physics 2023-02-15 Nirmal J. Nair , Andres Goza

Amphibious legged robots inspired by salamanders are promising in applications in complex amphibious environments. However, despite the significant success of training controllers that achieve diverse locomotion behaviors in conventional…

Robotics · Computer Science 2026-03-18 Mengze Tian , Qiyuan Fu , Chuanfang Ning , Javier Jia Jie Pey , Auke Ijspeert

Deep reinforcement learning (deep RL) has emerged as an effective tool for developing controllers for legged robots. However, vanilla deep RL often requires a tremendous amount of training samples and is not feasible for achieving robust…

Robotics · Computer Science 2022-08-02 Ren Liu , Nitish Sontakke , Sehoon Ha

Recent breakthroughs in the reinforcement learning (RL) community have made significant advances towards learning and deploying policies on real world robotic systems. However, even with the current state-of-the-art algorithms and…

Robotics · Computer Science 2019-03-07 Guillaume Bellegarda , Katie Byl

This paper introduces a new approach to enhance the robustness of humanoid walking under strong perturbations, such as substantial pushes. Effective recovery from external disturbances requires bipedal robots to dynamically adjust their…

Robotics · Computer Science 2024-11-05 Tobias Egle , Yashuai Yan , Dongheui Lee , Christian Ott

Legged robots are promising candidates for exploring challenging areas on low-gravity bodies such as the Moon, Mars, or asteroids, thanks to their advanced mobility on unstructured terrain. However, as planetary robots' power and thermal…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-11-17 Philip Arm , Oliver Fischer , Joseph Church , Adrian Fuhrer , Hendrik Kolvenbach , Marco Hutter