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Transformer-based Large Language Models, which suffer from high computational costs, advance so quickly that techniques proposed to streamline earlier iterations are not guaranteed to benefit more modern models. Building upon the Funnel…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-04-07 DongHyun Choi , Lucas Spangher , Chris Hidey , Peter Grabowski , Ramy Eskander

Implicit models are a general class of learning models that forgo the hierarchical layer structure typical in neural networks and instead define the internal states based on an ``equilibrium'' equation, offering competitive performance and…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-09-21 Alicia Y. Tsai , Juliette Decugis , Laurent El Ghaoui , Alper Atamtürk

The stateless architecture of Large Language Models inherently lacks the mechanism to preserve dynamic context, compelling agents to redundantly reprocess history to maintain long-horizon autonomy. While latent memory offers a solution,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-14 Yubo Hou , Zhisheng Chen , Tao Wan , Zengchang Qin

Existing work has analyzed the representational capacity of the transformer architecture by means of formal models of computation. However, the focus so far has been on analyzing the architecture in terms of language \emph{acceptance}. We…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-06-21 Anej Svete , Ryan Cotterell

Transformers replace recurrence with a memory that grows with sequence length and self-attention that enables ad-hoc lookups over past tokens. Consequently, they lack an inherent incentive to compress history into compact latent states with…

Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) is a popular approach to boosting the ability of Recurrent Neural Networks to store longer term temporal information. The capacity of an LSTM network can be increased by widening and adding layers. However,…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2017-12-14 Zhen He , Shaobing Gao , Liang Xiao , Daxue Liu , Hangen He , David Barber

Federated learning is an emerging research paradigm enabling collaborative training of machine learning models among different organizations while keeping data private at each institution. Despite recent progress, there remain fundamental…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-04-15 Liangqiong Qu , Yuyin Zhou , Paul Pu Liang , Yingda Xia , Feifei Wang , Ehsan Adeli , Li Fei-Fei , Daniel Rubin

The Transformer is an extremely powerful and prominent deep learning architecture. In this work, we challenge the commonly held belief in deep learning that going deeper is better, and show an alternative design approach that is building…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-11-10 Jason Ross Brown , Yiren Zhao , Ilia Shumailov , Robert D Mullins

While designing inductive bias in neural architectures has been widely studied, we hypothesize that transformer networks are flexible enough to learn inductive bias from suitable generic tasks. Here, we replace architecture engineering by…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-03-17 Yuhuai Wu , Markus Rabe , Wenda Li , Jimmy Ba , Roger Grosse , Christian Szegedy

Transformer layers, which use an alternating pattern of multi-head attention and multi-layer perceptron (MLP) layers, provide an effective tool for a variety of machine learning problems. As the transformer layers use residual connections…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-12-13 Yaofeng Desmond Zhong , Tongtao Zhang , Amit Chakraborty , Biswadip Dey

Transformers lack an explicit architectural mechanism for storing and organizing knowledge acquired during training. We introduce learnable sparse memory banks: a set of latent tokens, randomly initialized and trained end-to-end, that…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-24 Tasmay Pankaj Tibrewal , Pritish Saha , Ankit Meda , Kunal Singh , Pradeep Moturi

This paper explores the intricate relationship between interpretability and robustness in deep learning models. Despite their remarkable performance across various tasks, deep learning models often exhibit critical vulnerabilities,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-12-30 Navid Nayyem , Abdullah Rakin , Longwei Wang

Transformers encode structure in sequences via an expanding contextual history. However, their purely feedforward architecture fundamentally limits dynamic state tracking. State tracking -- the iterative updating of latent variables…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-29 Michael C. Mozer , Shoaib Ahmed Siddiqui , Rosanne Liu

Recently, deep models have shown tremendous improvements in neural machine translation (NMT). However, systems of this kind are computationally expensive and memory intensive. In this paper, we take a natural step towards learning strong…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-12-29 Bei Li , Ziyang Wang , Hui Liu , Quan Du , Tong Xiao , Chunliang Zhang , Jingbo Zhu

We present FIT: a transformer-based architecture with efficient self-attention and adaptive computation. Unlike original transformers, which operate on a single sequence of data tokens, we divide the data tokens into groups, with each group…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-05-26 Ting Chen , Lala Li

Recent advances in deep learning have made available large, powerful convolutional neural networks (CNN) with state-of-the-art performance in several real-world applications. Unfortunately, these large-sized models have millions of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-07-17 Giosuè Cataldo Marinò , Gregorio Ghidoli , Marco Frasca , Dario Malchiodi

Large language models (LLMs) have shown remarkable performance in complex reasoning tasks, but their efficiency is hindered by the substantial memory and computational costs associated with generating lengthy tokens. In this paper, we…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-09-24 Jintian Zhang , Yuqi Zhu , Mengshu Sun , Yujie Luo , Shuofei Qiao , Lun Du , Da Zheng , Huajun Chen , Ningyu Zhang

Neural networks often operate in the overparameterized regime, in which there are far more parameters than training samples, allowing the training data to be fit perfectly. That is, training the network effectively learns an interpolating…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-03-19 Suzanna Parkinson , Greg Ongie , Rebecca Willett

Fine-tuning provides an effective means to specialize pre-trained models for various downstream tasks. However, fine-tuning often incurs high memory overhead, especially for large transformer-based models, such as LLMs. While existing…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-02-03 Antoine Simoulin , Namyong Park , Xiaoyi Liu , Grey Yang

We propose an end-to-end learned image compression codec wherein the analysis transform is jointly trained with an object classification task. This study affirms that the compressed latent representation can predict human perceptual…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-01-17 Chen-Hsiu Huang , Ja-Ling Wu