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In Brain-Computer Interfacing (BCI), due to inter-subject non-stationarities of electroencephalogram (EEG), classifiers are trained and tested using EEG from the same subject. When physical disabilities bottleneck the natural modality of…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2019-04-09 Monalisa Pal , Sanghamitra Bandyopadhyay , Saugat Bhattacharyya

Brain-computer interfaces (BCIs) enable direct communication between the brain and external devices, providing critical support for individuals with motor impairments. However, accurate motor imagery (MI) decoding from…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-08 Panagiotis Andrikopoulos , Siamak Mehrkanoon

Brain-computer interface (BCI) provides a direct communication pathway between human brain and external devices. Before a new subject could use BCI, a calibration procedure is usually required. Because the inter- and intra-subject variances…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2022-09-09 Jingcong Li , Fei Wang , Haiyun Huang , Feifei Qi , Jiahui Pan

Brain Computer Interfaces (BCI) have become very popular with Electroencephalography (EEG) being one of the most commonly used signal acquisition techniques. A major challenge in BCI studies is the individualistic analysis required for each…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2019-11-28 Baani Leen Kaur Jolly , Palash Aggrawal , Surabhi S Nath , Viresh Gupta , Manraj Singh Grover , Rajiv Ratn Shah

Electroencephalography (EEG) decoding is a challenging task due to the limited availability of labelled data. While transfer learning is a promising technique to address this challenge, it assumes that transferable data domains and task are…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2023-08-07 Bruno Aristimunha , Raphael Y. de Camargo , Walter H. Lopez Pinaya , Sylvain Chevallier , Alexandre Gramfort , Cedric Rommel

The inter/intra-subject variability of electroencephalography (EEG) makes the practical use of the brain-computer interface (BCI) difficult. In general, the BCI system requires a calibration procedure to acquire subject/session-specific…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2020-12-08 Dong-Kyun Han , Ji-Hoon Jeong

Brain-computer interfaces (BCIs) have been gaining momentum in making human-computer interaction more natural, especially for people with neuro-muscular disabilities. Among the existing solutions the systems relying on electroencephalograms…

Machine learning on electromyography (EMG) has recently achieved remarkable success on a variety of tasks, while such success relies heavily on the assumption that the training and future data must be of the same data distribution. However,…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2022-10-14 Di Wu , Jie Yang , Mohamad Sawan

The success of deep learning (DL) methods in the Brain-Computer Interfaces (BCI) field for classification of electroencephalographic (EEG) recordings has been restricted by the lack of large datasets. Privacy concerns associated with EEG…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-01-26 Ce Ju , Dashan Gao , Ravikiran Mane , Ben Tan , Yang Liu , Cuntai Guan

Electroencephalography (EEG) is one of the most common signals used to capture the electrical activity of the brain, and the decoding of EEG, to acquire the user intents, has been at the forefront of brain-computer/machine interfaces…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-07-04 Haodong Zhang , Hongqi Li

Effectively learning the temporal dynamics in electroencephalogram (EEG) signals is challenging yet essential for decoding brain activities using brain-computer interfaces (BCIs). Although Transformers are popular for their long-term…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-10-30 Yi Ding , Yong Li , Hao Sun , Rui Liu , Chengxuan Tong , Chenyu Liu , Xinliang Zhou , Cuntai Guan

Brain-computer interface (BCI) research, while promising, has largely been confined to static and fixed environments, limiting real-world applicability. To move towards practical BCI, we introduce a real-time wireless imagined speech…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-11-12 Ji-Ha Park , Heon-Gyu Kwak , Gi-Hwan Shin , Yoo-In Jeon , Sun-Min Park , Ji-Yeon Hwang , Seong-Whan Lee

An interesting case of the well-known Dataset Shift Problem is the classification of Electroencephalogram (EEG) signals in the context of Brain-Computer Interface (BCI). The non-stationarity of EEG signals can lead to poor generalisation…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-05-21 Andrea Apicella , Francesco Isgrò , Andrea Pollastro , Roberto Prevete

Electroencephalography (EEG) foundation models have recently emerged as a promising paradigm for brain-computer interfaces (BCIs), aiming to learn transferable neural representations from large-scale heterogeneous recordings. Despite rapid…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-06 Dingkun Liu , Yuheng Chen , Zhu Chen , Zhenyao Cui , Yaozhi Wen , Jiayu An , Jingwei Luo , Dongrui Wu

The non-stationary nature of electroencephalography (EEG) signals makes an EEG-based brain-computer interface (BCI) a dynamic system, thus improving its performance is a challenging task. In addition, it is well-known that due to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2018-05-04 Haider Raza , Dheeraj Rathee , ShangMing Zhou , Hubert Cecotti , Girijesh Prasad

We present a novel graph-based learning of EEG representations with gradient alignment (GEEGA) that leverages multi-domain information to learn EEG representations for brain-computer interfaces. Our model leverages graph convolutional…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2025-12-09 Prithila Angkan , Amin Jalali , Paul Hungler , Ali Etemad

In the field of brain-computer interfaces (BCIs), the potential for leveraging deep learning techniques for representing electroencephalogram (EEG) signals has gained substantial interest. This review synthesizes empirical findings from a…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-10-24 Pierre Guetschel , Sara Ahmadi , Michael Tangermann

Public Motor Imagery-based brain-computer interface (BCI) datasets are being used to develop increasingly good classifiers. However, they usually follow discrete paradigms where participants perform Motor Imagery at regularly timed…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-03-26 Ivo Pascal de Jong , Lüke Luna van den Wittenboer , Matias Valdenegro-Toro , Andreea Ioana Sburlea

We introduce here the idea of Meta-Learning for training EEG BCI decoders. Meta-Learning is a way of training machine learning systems so they learn to learn. We apply here meta-learning to a simple Deep Learning BCI architecture and…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2021-03-17 Denghao Li , Pablo Ortega , Xiaoxi Wei , Aldo Faisal

Non-invasive Brain-Computer Interface (BCI) systems based on electroencephalography (EEG) signals suffer from multiple obstacles to reach a wide adoption in clinical settings for communication or rehabilitation. Among these challenges, the…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2025-12-19 Hubert Cecotti , Rashmi Mrugank Shah , Raksha Jagadish , Toshihisa Tanaka