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Though deep learning has pushed the boundaries of classification forward, in recent years hints of the limits of standard classification have begun to emerge. Problems such as fooling, adding new classes over time, and the need to retrain…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2018-07-10 Navid Kardan , Kenneth O. Stanley

Conformal prediction (CP) and its extension, conformal risk control (CRC), are established frameworks for quantifying uncertainty in supervised machine learning through formal guarantees. However, recent breakthroughs in artificial…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-29 Gabriel Loaiza-Ganem , Kevin Zhang , Wei Cui , Marc T. Law , Kin Kwan Leung

We introduce a framework for calibrating machine learning models so that their predictions satisfy explicit, finite-sample statistical guarantees. Our calibration algorithms work with any underlying model and (unknown) data-generating…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-10-03 Anastasios N. Angelopoulos , Stephen Bates , Emmanuel J. Candès , Michael I. Jordan , Lihua Lei

We propose an architecture for training generative models of counterfactual conditionals of the form, 'can we modify event A to cause B instead of C?', motivated by applications in robot control. Using an 'adversarial training' paradigm, an…

Robotics · Computer Science 2020-09-23 Simón C. Smith , Subramanian Ramamoorthy

We propose a novel training regime termed counterfactual training that leverages counterfactual explanations to increase the explanatory capacity of models. Counterfactual explanations have emerged as a popular post-hoc explanation method…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-01-23 Patrick Altmeyer , Aleksander Buszydlik , Arie van Deursen , Cynthia C. S. Liem

Mixup is a data augmentation technique that creates new examples as convex combinations of training points and labels. This simple technique has empirically shown to improve the accuracy of many state-of-the-art models in different settings…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-28 Luigi Carratino , Moustapha Cissé , Rodolphe Jenatton , Jean-Philippe Vert

Neural networks are powerful function approximators with tremendous potential in learning complex distributions. However, they are prone to overfitting on spurious patterns. Bayesian inference provides a principled way to regularize neural…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-12-02 Yanzhe Bekkemoen , Helge Langseth

Many macroeconomic policy questions may be assessed in a case study framework, where the time series of a treated unit is compared to a counterfactual constructed from a large pool of control units. I provide a general framework for this…

Econometrics · Economics 2018-03-02 Daniel Kinn

Regularization is a well studied problem in the context of neural networks. It is usually used to improve the generalization performance when the number of input samples is relatively small or heavily contaminated with noise. The…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2011-04-19 Salah Rifai , Xavier Glorot , Yoshua Bengio , Pascal Vincent

Counterfactual explanations (CEs) are advocated as being ideally suited to providing algorithmic recourse for subjects affected by the predictions of machine learning models. While CEs can be beneficial to affected individuals, recent work…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-02-06 Junqi Jiang , Francesco Leofante , Antonio Rago , Francesca Toni

Overfitting & underfitting and stable training are an important challenges in machine learning. Current approaches for these issues are mixup, SamplePairing and BC learning. In our work, we state the hypothesis that mixing many images…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-01-22 Maciej A. Czyzewski

One of the primary challenges limiting the applicability of deep learning is its susceptibility to learning spurious correlations rather than the underlying mechanisms of the task of interest. The resulting failure to generalise cannot be…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2020-04-21 Damien Teney , Ehsan Abbasnedjad , Anton van den Hengel

Hyperparameter optimization is very frequently employed in machine learning. However, an optimization of a large space of parameters could result in overfitting of models. In recent studies on solubility prediction the authors collected…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-11-26 Igor V. Tetko , Ruud van Deursen , Guillaume Godin

Transformer-based sequence-to-sequence architectures, while achieving state-of-the-art results on a large number of NLP tasks, can still suffer from overfitting during training. In practice, this is usually countered either by applying…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-01-04 Dušan Variš , Ondřej Bojar

Excessive reuse of test data has become commonplace in today's machine learning workflows. Popular benchmarks, competitions, industrial scale tuning, among other applications, all involve test data reuse beyond guidance by statistical…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-05-30 Horia Mania , John Miller , Ludwig Schmidt , Moritz Hardt , Benjamin Recht

Neural growth is the process of growing a small neural network to a large network and has been utilized to accelerate the training of deep neural networks. One crucial aspect of neural growth is determining the optimal growth timing.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-01-09 Haihang Wu , Wei Wang , Tamasha Malepathirana , Damith Senanayake , Denny Oetomo , Saman Halgamuge

A primary concern of excessive reuse of test datasets in machine learning is that it can lead to overfitting. Multiclass classification was recently shown to be more resistant to overfitting than binary classification. In an open problem of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-10-22 Jayadev Acharya , Ananda Theertha Suresh

Data-driven predictive solutions predominant in commercial applications tend to suffer from biases and stereotypes, which raises equity concerns. Prediction models may discover, use, or amplify spurious correlations based on gender or other…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-11-28 Abdelrahman Zayed , Prasanna Parthasarathi , Goncalo Mordido , Hamid Palangi , Samira Shabanian , Sarath Chandar

The presence of mislabeled observations in data is a notoriously challenging problem in statistics and machine learning, associated with poor generalization properties for both traditional classifiers and, perhaps even more so, flexible…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2022-02-09 Olof Zetterqvist , Rebecka Jörnsten , Johan Jonasson

Modern machine learning models with high accuracy are often miscalibrated -- the predicted top probability does not reflect the actual accuracy, and tends to be over-confident. It is commonly believed that such over-confidence is mainly due…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-07-21 Yu Bai , Song Mei , Huan Wang , Caiming Xiong