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Pre-trained Language Models (PLMs) are trained on vast unlabeled data, rich in world knowledge. This fact has sparked the interest of the community in quantifying the amount of factual knowledge present in PLMs, as this explains their…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-12-06 Paul Youssef , Osman Alperen Koraş , Meijie Li , Jörg Schlötterer , Christin Seifert

In an effort to assist factcheckers in the process of factchecking, we tackle the claim detection task, one of the necessary stages prior to determining the veracity of a claim. It consists of identifying the set of sentences, out of a long…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-08-18 Lev Konstantinovskiy , Oliver Price , Mevan Babakar , Arkaitz Zubiaga

The rapid proliferation of misinformation across online platforms underscores the urgent need for robust, up-to-date, explainable, and multilingual fact-checking resources. However, existing datasets are limited in scope, often lacking…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-03-18 Z. Melce Hüsünbeyi , Virginie Mouilleron , Leonie Uhling , Daniel Foppe , Tatjana Scheffler , Djamé Seddah

Our fight against false information is spearheaded by fact-checkers. They investigate the veracity of claims and document their findings as fact-checking reports. With the rapid increase in the amount of false information circulating…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2025-05-15 Enes Altuncu , Can Başkent , Sanjay Bhattacherjee , Shujun Li , Dwaipayan Roy

The problem of mechanically formalizing and proving metatheoretic properties of programming language calculi, type systems, operational semantics, and related formal systems has received considerable attention recently. However, the dual…

Programming Languages · Computer Science 2017-05-29 James Cheney , Alberto Momigliano

In recent years, algorithms have been incorporated into fact-checking pipelines. They are used not only to flag previously fact-checked misinformation, but also to provide suggestions about which trending claims should be prioritized for…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2023-02-10 Terrence Neumann , Nicholas Wolczynski

Explanations in Machine Learning come in many forms, but a consensus regarding their desired properties is yet to emerge. In this paper we introduce a taxonomy and a set of descriptors that can be used to characterise and systematically…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-12-12 Kacper Sokol , Peter Flach

This is an integrative review that address the question, "What makes for a good explanation?" with reference to AI systems. Pertinent literatures are vast. Thus, this review is necessarily selective. That said, most of the key concepts and…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2019-02-07 Shane T. Mueller , Robert R. Hoffman , William Clancey , Abigail Emrey , Gary Klein

Verifying complex political claims is a challenging task, especially when politicians use various tactics to subtly misrepresent the facts. Automatic fact-checking systems fall short here, and their predictions like "half-true" are not very…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-11-02 Jifan Chen , Aniruddh Sriram , Eunsol Choi , Greg Durrett

Automatic fact verification has received significant attention recently. Contemporary automatic fact-checking systems focus on estimating truthfulness using numerical scores which are not human-interpretable. A human fact-checker generally…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-05-30 Anku Rani , S. M Towhidul Islam Tonmoy , Dwip Dalal , Shreya Gautam , Megha Chakraborty , Aman Chadha , Amit Sheth , Amitava Das

Not everything on the internet is true. This unfortunate fact requires both humans and models to perform complex reasoning about credibility when working with retrieved information. In NLP, this problem has seen little attention. Indeed,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-09-04 Michael Schlichtkrull

Automated fact verification plays an essential role in fostering trust in the digital space. Despite the growing interest, the verification of temporal facts has not received much attention in the community. Temporal fact verification…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2024-08-20 Anab Maulana Barik , Wynne Hsu , Mong Li Lee

Traditional fact checking by expert journalists cannot keep up with the enormous volume of information that is now generated online. Computational fact checking may significantly enhance our ability to evaluate the veracity of dubious…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2020-07-01 Giovanni Luca Ciampaglia , Prashant Shiralkar , Luis M. Rocha , Johan Bollen , Filippo Menczer , Alessandro Flammini

Explainable machine learning and artificial intelligence models have been used to justify a model's decision-making process. This added transparency aims to help improve user performance and understanding of the underlying model. However,…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2020-05-06 Mahsan Nourani , Chiradeep Roy , Tahrima Rahman , Eric D. Ragan , Nicholas Ruozzi , Vibhav Gogate

Traditional fact-checking relies on humans to formulate relevant and targeted fact-checking questions (FCQs), search for evidence, and verify the factuality of claims. While Large Language Models (LLMs) have been commonly used to automate…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-02-24 Alimohammad Beigi , Bohan Jiang , Dawei Li , Zhen Tan , Pouya Shaeri , Tharindu Kumarage , Amrita Bhattacharjee , Huan Liu

Misinformation is often conveyed in multiple modalities, e.g. a miscaptioned image. Multimodal misinformation is perceived as more credible by humans, and spreads faster than its text-only counterparts. While an increasing body of research…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-10-27 Mubashara Akhtar , Michael Schlichtkrull , Zhijiang Guo , Oana Cocarascu , Elena Simperl , Andreas Vlachos

People now see social media sites as their sole source of information due to their popularity. The Majority of people get their news through social media. At the same time, fake news has grown exponentially on social media platforms in…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2022-07-26 Athira A B , S D Madhu Kumar , Anu Mary Chacko

Large language models (LLMs), especially when instruction-tuned for chat, have become part of our daily lives, freeing people from the process of searching, extracting, and integrating information from multiple sources by offering a…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-11-01 Yuxia Wang , Minghan Wang , Muhammad Arslan Manzoor , Fei Liu , Georgi Georgiev , Rocktim Jyoti Das , Preslav Nakov

With the advent of deep learning, text generation language models have improved dramatically, with text at a similar level as human-written text. This can lead to rampant misinformation because content can now be created cheaply and…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-01-24 Sai Gurrapu , Lifu Huang , Feras A. Batarseh

Large Language Models (LLMs) augmented with retrieval mechanisms have demonstrated significant potential in fact-checking tasks by integrating external knowledge. However, their reliability decreases when confronted with conflicting…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-05-26 Ziyu Ge , Yuhao Wu , Daniel Wai Kit Chin , Roy Ka-Wei Lee , Rui Cao