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The electric power system is witnessing a shift in the technology of generation. Conventional thermal generation based on synchronous machines is gradually being replaced by power electronics interfaced renewable generation. This new mode…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2020-01-24 Bala Kameshwar Poolla , Dominic Groß , Florian Dörfler

Forced oscillation event in power grids refers to a state where malfunctioning or abnormally operating equipment causes persisting periodic disturbances in the system. While power grids are designed to damp most of perturbations during…

Adaptation and Self-Organizing Systems · Physics 2023-06-12 Robin Delabays , Andrey Y. Lokhov , Melvyn Tyloo , Marc Vuffray

In this paper, a methodology inspired on bond and site percolation methods is applied to the estimation of the resilience against failures in power grids. Our approach includes vulnerability measures with both dynamical and structural…

Adaptation and Self-Organizing Systems · Physics 2020-10-28 Cristian Camilo Galindo-González , David Angulo-García , Gustavo Osorio

The increasing integration of Inverter-Based Resources (IBRs) is reshaping fault current characteristics, presenting significant challenges to traditional protection and fault location methods. This paper addresses a key limitation in fault…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-12-05 Alailton J. Alves Junior , Daniel Barbosa , Ricardo A. S. Fernandes , Denis V. Coury

We study the synchronization and stability of power grids within the Kuramoto phase oscillator model with inertia with a bimodal frequency distribution representing the generators and the loads. We identify critical nodes through solitary…

Adaptation and Self-Organizing Systems · Physics 2019-12-18 Halgurd Taher , Simona Olmi , Eckehard Schöll

The increasing penetration of non-synchronous renewable energy sources (NS-RES) alters the dynamic characteristic, and consequently, the frequency behaviour of a power system. To accurately identify these changing trends and address them in…

Systems and Control · Computer Science 2017-08-03 Ahmad Shabir Ahmadyar , Shariq Riaz , Gregor Verbic , Archie Chapman , David J. Hill

We present a numerical study on the synchronization and cascade failure behaviour by solving the adaptive second-order Kuramoto model on a large high voltage (HV) European power-grid. This non-perturbative analysis takes into account…

Physics and Society · Physics 2026-01-01 Kristóf Benedek , Géza Ódor

Aiming at the core problem that it is difficult for a fixed inertia coefficient to balance transient disturbance suppression and long-term stability in complex network synchronization systems, an adaptive inertia control strategy based on…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-01-22 Yiwei Zhou , Zhongcheng Lei , Xiaoran Dai , Wenshan Hu , Hong Zhou

Conventional generators in power grids are steadily substituted with new renewable sources of electric power. The latter are connected to the grid via inverters and as such have little, if any rotational inertia. The resulting reduction of…

Systems and Control · Computer Science 2018-10-12 Laurent Pagnier , Philippe Jacquod

To ensure adequate and economic reserve for primary frequency response in the current and future power system, this paper proposes real-time frequency response reserve (FRR) requirement based on system inertia. This minimum FRR will help…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2021-01-15 Shutang You

Due to the energy crisis and environmental pollution, the installed capacity of inverter-based resources (IBRs) in power grids is rapidly increasing, and grid-following control (GFL) is the most prevalent at present. Meanwhile, grid-forming…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-02-05 Yinhong Lin , Bin Wang , Qinglai Guo , Haotian Zhao , Hongbin Sun

Virtual inertia is an effective control approach to attenuate sudden voltage changes during transient events in low-inertia DC grids. While methods have been proposed to implement virtual inertia, its impact on DC grid stability in the…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2023-02-09 Hao Tu , Hui Yu , Srdjan Lukic

Reliable functioning of supply and transport networks fundamentally support many non-equilibrium dynamical systems, from biological organisms and ecosystems to human-made water, gas, heat, electricity and traffic networks. Strengthening an…

Adaptation and Self-Organizing Systems · Physics 2022-05-31 Debsankha Manik , Dirk Witthaut , Marc Timme

The impact of external forcing is well studied in the Kuramoto model without inertia, but remains unclear for inertial Kuramoto oscillators (KMI) with bimodal intrinsic frequency distributions. This article fills that gap, showing that…

Adaptation and Self-Organizing Systems · Physics 2026-04-27 Pratishtha Agnihotri , Sarika Jalan

High penetration of renewable resources results in a power system with lower inertia and higher frequency sensitivity to power imbalances. Such systems are becoming increasingly susceptible to frequency collapse during extreme disturbances.…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-01-11 Waheed Owonikoko , Mazen Elsaadany , Amritanshu Pandey , Mads R. Almassalkhi

In small/medium-sized isolated power networks with low rotational inertia and high penetration of renewables, generation/load contingency events may cause large frequency excursions, potentially leading to cascading failures and even…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2020-10-28 Alireza Fereidouni , Julius Susanto , Pierluigi Mancarella , Nicky Hong , Teresa Smit , Dean Sharafi

In future power systems, electrical storage will be the key technology for balancing feed-in fluctuations. With increasing share of renewables and reduction of system inertia, the focus of research expands towards short-term grid dynamics…

Adaptation and Self-Organizing Systems · Physics 2020-01-08 Katrin Schmietendorf , Oliver Kamps , Matthias Wolff , Pedro G. Lind , Philipp Maass , Joachim Peinke

Cascade failures in power grids occur when the failure of one component or subsystem causes a chain reaction of failures in other components or subsystems, ultimately leading to a widespread blackout or outage. Controlling cascade failures…

Physics and Society · Physics 2024-09-02 Géza Ódor , István Papp , Kristóf Benedek , Bálint Hartmann

Integration of intermittent renewable energy sources in modern power systems is increasing very fast. Replacement of synchronous generators with zero-to-low variable renewables substantially decreases the system inertia. In a large system,…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2020-06-23 Mingjian Tuo , Xingpeng Li

Increasing the inertia is widely considered to be the solution to resolving unstable interactions between coupled oscillators. In power grids, Virtual Synchronous Generators (VSGs) are proposed to compensate the reducing inertia as rotating…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2022-01-31 Gurupraanesh Raman , Gururaghav Raman , Jimmy Chih-Hsien Peng