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Random number generators play an essential role in cryptography and key distribution. It is thus important to verify whether the random numbers generated from these devices are genuine and unpredictable by any adversary. Recently, quantum…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-01-07 Shubhayan Sarkar

While limitations on quantum computation by Markovian environmental noise are well-understood in generality, their behavior for different quantum circuits and noise realizations can be less universal. Here we consider a canonical quantum…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-04-15 Sasanka Dowarah , Chuanwei Zhang , Vedika Khemani , Michael H. Kolodrubetz

Quantum technologies promise information processing and communication technology advancements, including random number generation (RNG). Using Bell inequalities, a user of a quantum RNG hardware can certify that the values provided by an…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-11-20 Robert Okuła , Piotr Mironowicz

What makes a class of quantum circuits efficiently classically simulable on average? I present a framework that applies harmonic analysis of groups to circuits with a structure encoded by group parameters. Expanding the circuits in a…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-10-18 Cristina Cirstoiu

Benchmarking quantum devices is a foundational task for the sustained development of quantum technologies. However, accurate in situ characterization of large-scale quantum devices remains a formidable challenge: such systems experience…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-10-14 Tudor Manole , Daniel K. Mark , Wenjie Gong , Bingtian Ye , Yury Polyanskiy , Soonwon Choi

Understanding the effects of noise on quantum computations is fundamental to the development of quantum hardware and quantum algorithms. Simulation tools are essential for quantitatively modelling these effects, yet unless artificial…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-10-07 Anthony P. Thompson , Arie Soeteman , Chris Cade , Ido Niesen

State of the art qubit systems are reaching the gate fidelities required for scalable quantum computation architectures. Further improvements in the fidelity of quantum gates demands characterization and benchmarking protocols that are…

Randomized benchmarking (RB) protocols are standard tools for characterizing quantum devices. Prior analyses of RB protocols have not provided a complete method for analyzing realistic data, resulting in a variety of ad-hoc methods. The…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2018-02-02 Ian Hincks , Joel J. Wallman , Chris Ferrie , Chris Granade , David G. Cory

As fault-tolerant quantum computers scale, certifying the accuracy of computations performed with encoded logical qubits will soon become classically intractable. This creates a critical need for scalable, device-independent certification…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-10-08 James Mills , Adithya Sireesh , Dominik Leichtle , Joschka Roffe , Elham Kashefi

Randomized benchmarking is routinely used as an efficient method for characterizing the performance of sets of elementary logic gates in small quantum devices. In the measurement-based model of quantum computation, logic gates are…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2016-09-05 Rafael N. Alexander , Peter S. Turner , Stephen D. Bartlett

We present measurements of single-qubit gate errors for a superconducting qubit. Results from quantum process tomography and randomized benchmarking are compared with gate errors obtained from a double pi pulse experiment. Randomized…

Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics · Physics 2009-03-08 J. M. Chow , J. M. Gambetta , L. Tornberg , Jens Koch , Lev S. Bishop , A. A. Houck , B. R. Johnson , L. Frunzio , S. M. Girvin , R. J. Schoelkopf

Noise remains the major obstacle to scalable quantum computation. Quantum benchmarking provides key information on noise properties and is an important step for developing more advanced quantum processors. However, current benchmarking…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-09-22 Yanwu Gu , Wei-Feng Zhuang , Xudan Chai , Dong E. Liu

We explore the interplay of quantum computing and machine learning to advance experimental protocols for observing measurement-induced phase transitions (MIPT) in quantum devices. In particular, we focus on trapped ion monitored circuits…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-11-07 Yangrui Hu , Yi Hong Teoh , William Witczak-Krempa , Roger G. Melko

Variational Quantum Algorithms (VQAs) have been extensively researched for applications in Quantum Machine Learning (QML), Optimization, and Molecular simulations. Although designed for Noisy Intermediate-Scale Quantum (NISQ) devices, VQAs…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-03-24 Aakash Ravindra Shinde , Arianne Meijer - van de Griend , Jukka K. Nurminen

We propose that chaotic Glass networks (a class of piecewise-linear Ordinary Differential Equations) are good candidates for the design of true random number generators. A Glass network design has the advantage of involving only standard…

Dynamical Systems · Mathematics 2025-02-14 Benjamin W. Wild , Roderick Edwards

We describe a simple randomized benchmarking protocol for quantum information processors and obtain a sequence of models for the observable fidelity decay as a function of a perturbative expansion of the errors. We are able to prove that…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2011-06-14 Easwar Magesan , J. M. Gambetta , Joseph Emerson

We study the fundamental design automation problem of equivalence checking in the NISQ (Noisy Intermediate-Scale Quantum) computing realm where quantum noise is present inevitably. The notion of approximate equivalence of (possibly noisy)…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-06-04 Xin Hong , Mingsheng Ying , Yuan Feng , Xiangzhen Zhou , Sanjiang Li

Quantum computing is transitioning from experimental prototypes to commercially available turnkey systems, making architecture-agnostic performance metrics essential for cross-platform comparison. Peaked Random Circuits (PRCs) have recently…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-05-26 Martin Brieger , Florian Krötz , Minh Chung , Dieter Kranzlmüller

Correcting errors due to noise in quantum circuits run on current and near-term quantum hardware is essential for any convincing demonstration of quantum advantage. Indeed, in many cases it has been shown that noise renders quantum circuits…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-06-08 Rawad Mezher , James Mills , Elham Kashefi

We investigate randomized benchmarking in a general setting with quantum gates that form a representation, not necessarily an irreducible one, of a finite group. We derive an estimate for the average fidelity, to which experimental data may…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2019-01-23 Daniel Stilck França , Anna-Lena Hashagen
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