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With Artificial Intelligence (AI) influencing the decision-making process of sensitive applications such as Face Verification, it is fundamental to ensure the transparency, fairness, and accountability of decisions. Although Explainable…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-03-15 Miriam Doh , Caroline Mazini Rodrigues , Nicolas Boutry , Laurent Najman , Matei Mancas , Hugues Bersini

Vision Transformers (ViTs) and their multi-scale and hierarchical variations have been successful at capturing image representations but their use has been generally studied for low-resolution images (e.g. - 256x256, 384384). For gigapixel…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-06-07 Richard J. Chen , Chengkuan Chen , Yicong Li , Tiffany Y. Chen , Andrew D. Trister , Rahul G. Krishnan , Faisal Mahmood

We here propose a novel hierarchical transformer model that adeptly integrates the feature extraction capabilities of Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs) with the advanced representational potential of Vision Transformers (ViTs).…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-07-22 Xiaoya Tang , Bodong Zhang , Beatrice S. Knudsen , Tolga Tasdizen

Medical image classification is a critical problem for healthcare, with the potential to alleviate the workload of doctors and facilitate diagnoses of patients. However, two challenges arise when deploying deep learning models to real-world…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-10-06 An Yan , Yu Wang , Yiwu Zhong , Zexue He , Petros Karypis , Zihan Wang , Chengyu Dong , Amilcare Gentili , Chun-Nan Hsu , Jingbo Shang , Julian McAuley

Understanding the encoding and decoding mechanisms of dynamic neural responses to different visual stimuli is an important topic in exploring how the brain represents visual information. Currently, hierarchically deep neural networks (DNNs)…

Neurons and Cognition · Quantitative Biology 2025-12-24 Jingyi Feng , Xiang Feng

Prototypical part network (ProtoPNet) has drawn wide attention and boosted many follow-up studies due to its self-explanatory property for explainable artificial intelligence (XAI). However, when directly applying ProtoPNet on vision…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-11-27 Mengqi Xue , Qihan Huang , Haofei Zhang , Jingwen Hu , Jie Song , Mingli Song , Canghong Jin

We introduce Contextual Vision Transformers (ContextViT), a method designed to generate robust image representations for datasets experiencing shifts in latent factors across various groups. Derived from the concept of in-context learning,…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-10-02 Yujia Bao , Theofanis Karaletsos

The recursive quad-tree partitioning in High Efficiency Video Coding (HEVC) incurs considerable computational overhead, with exhaustive rate-distortion optimization for CTU partition prediction consuming the dominant share of encoding time.…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-05-29 Krishna Kumar Sharma , Somdyuti Paul

Deep Learning based models are currently dominating most state-of-the-art solutions for disease prediction. Existing works employ RNNs along with multiple levels of attention mechanisms to provide interpretability. These deep learning…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2022-06-01 Subhadip Maji , Raghav Bali , Sree Harsha Ankem , Kishore V Ayyadevara

Classifying images with an interpretable decision-making process is a long-standing problem in computer vision. In recent years, Prototypical Part Networks has gained traction as an approach for self-explainable neural networks, due to…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-03-14 Zhijie Zhu , Lei Fan , Maurice Pagnucco , Yang Song

Transformer-based models, capable of learning better global dependencies, have recently demonstrated exceptional representation learning capabilities in computer vision and medical image analysis. Transformer reformats the image into…

Transformer models achieve state-of-the-art performance across domains and tasks, yet their deeply layered representations make their predictions difficult to interpret. Existing explainability methods rely on final-layer attributions,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-21 Melkamu Abay Mersha , Jugal Kalita

With the increasing availability of structured and unstructured data and the swift progress of analytical techniques, Artificial Intelligence (AI) is bringing a revolution to the healthcare industry. With the increasingly indispensable role…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-11-09 Devam Dave , Het Naik , Smiti Singhal , Pankesh Patel

Multi-scale representations are crucial for semantic segmentation. The community has witnessed the flourish of semantic segmentation convolutional neural networks (CNN) exploiting multi-scale contextual information. Motivated by that the…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-08-10 Haotian Yan , Chuang Zhang , Ming Wu

Vision Transformers (ViTs) have shown strong empirical performance on high-dimensional medical imaging data, yet their behavior under survival objectives and the interpretability of their attention mechanisms remain poorly understood. Under…

Medical Physics · Physics 2026-04-24 Qiyuan Shi , Yi Li

Neural networks are widely adopted to solve complex and challenging tasks. Especially in high-stakes decision-making, understanding their reasoning process is crucial, yet proves challenging for modern deep networks. Feature visualization…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-02-18 Ada Gorgun , Bernt Schiele , Jonas Fischer

Vision Transformer (ViT) is a pioneering deep learning framework that can address real-world computer vision issues, such as image classification and object recognition. Importantly, ViTs are proven to outperform traditional deep learning…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-03-07 Yuda Bi , Anees Abrol , Zening Fu , Vince Calhoun

Accurate and unbiased examinations of skin lesions are critical for the early diagnosis and treatment of skin diseases. Visual features of skin lesions vary significantly because the images are collected from patients with different lesion…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-02-20 Wei Dai , Rui Liu , Tianyi Wu , Min Wang , Jianqin Yin , Jun Liu

For 3D object detection, both camera and lidar have been demonstrated to be useful sensory devices for providing complementary information about the same scenery with data representations in different modalities, e.g., 2D RGB image vs 3D…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-11-08 Xinhao Xiang , Jiawei Zhang

Transformers have had a significant impact on natural language processing and have recently demonstrated their potential in computer vision. They have shown promising results over convolution neural networks in fundamental computer vision…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-11-14 Rojina Kashefi , Leili Barekatain , Mohammad Sabokrou , Fatemeh Aghaeipoor