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Related papers: Classification of virtual links by arc shift move

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We introduce new sufficient conditions for intrinsic knotting and linking. A graph on n vertices with at least 4n-9 edges is intrinsically linked. A graph on n vertices with at least 5n-14 edges is intrinsically knotted. We also classify…

Geometric Topology · Mathematics 2007-05-23 J. Campbell , T. W. Mattman , R. Ottman , J. Pyzer , M. Rodrigues , S. Williams

We define a homology theory of virtual links built out of the direct sum of the standard Khovanov complex with itself, motivating the name doubled Khovanov homology. We demonstrate that it can be used to show that some virtual links are…

Geometric Topology · Mathematics 2019-08-15 William Rushworth

Pairwise network comparison is essential for various applications, including neuroscience, disease research, and dynamic network analysis. While existing literature primarily focuses on comparing entire network structures, we address a…

Methodology · Statistics 2025-10-21 Runbing Zheng

Virtual knot theory is a generalization of knot theory which is based on Gauss chord diagrams and link diagrams on closed oriented surfaces. A twisted knot is a generalization of a virtual knot, which corresponds to a link diagram on a…

Geometric Topology · Mathematics 2015-12-04 Naoko Kamada

In this paper we introduce a new invariant of virtual knots and links that is non-trivial for infinitely many virtuals, but is trivial on classical knots and links. The invariant is initially be expressed in terms of a relative of the…

Geometric Topology · Mathematics 2007-05-23 Louis H. Kauffman

Two string links are equivalent up to $2n$-moves and link-homotopy if and only if their all Milnor link-homotopy invariants are congruent modulo $n$. Moreover, the set of the equivalence classes forms a finite group generated by elements of…

Geometric Topology · Mathematics 2019-02-19 Haruko A. Miyazawa , Kodai Wada , Akira Yasuhara

We define a generalization of virtual links to arbitrary dimensions by extending the geometric definition due to Carter et al. We show that many homotopy type invariants for classical links extend to invariants of virtual links. We also…

Geometric Topology · Mathematics 2014-07-03 Blake Winter

This paper gives an alternate definition of the Affine Index Polynomial (called the Wriggle Polynomial) using virtual linking numbers and explores applications of this polynomial. In particular, it proves the Cosmetic Crossing Change…

Geometric Topology · Mathematics 2012-11-09 Lena C. Folwaczny , Louis H. Kauffman

We study concordance of virtual knots. Our main result is that a classical knot K is virtually slice if and only if it is classically slice. From this we deduce that the concordance group of classical knots embeds into the concordance group…

Geometric Topology · Mathematics 2022-10-04 Hans U. Boden , Matthias Nagel

A virtual $n$-string $\alpha$ is a collection of $n$ oriented smooth generic loops on a surface $M$. A stabilization of $\alpha$ is a surgery that results in attaching a handle to $M$ along disks avoiding $\alpha$, and the inverse operation…

Geometric Topology · Mathematics 2017-09-06 David Freund

Twisted links are a generalization of virtual links. As virtual links correspond to abstract links on orientable surfaces, twisted links correspond to abstract links on (possibly non-orientable) surfaces. In this paper, we introduce the…

Geometric Topology · Mathematics 2016-01-12 Naoko Kamada , Seiichi Kamada

We introduce the multiplexing of a crossing, replacing a classical crossing of a virtual link diagram with multiple crossings which is a mixture of classical and virtual. For integers $m_{i}$ $(i=1,\ldots,n)$ and an ordered $n$-component…

Geometric Topology · Mathematics 2018-05-02 Haruko A. Miyazawa , Kodai Wada , Akira Yasuhara

In this paper we discuss how to define a chord index via smoothing a real crossing point of a virtual knot diagram. Several polynomial invariants of virtual knots and links can be recovered from this general construction. We also explain…

Geometric Topology · Mathematics 2020-12-29 Zhiyun Cheng , Hongzhu Gao , Mengjian Xu

A C_n-move is a local move on links defined by Habiro and Goussarov, which can be regarded as a `higher order crossing change'. We use Milnor invariants with repeating indices to provide several classification results for links up to…

Geometric Topology · Mathematics 2010-02-09 Jean-Baptiste Meilhan , Akira Yasuhara

A virtual link can be understood as a link in a trivial I-bundle over an orientable compact surface with genus. A twisted virtual link is a link in a trivial I-bundle over a not-necessarily orientable compact surface. A twisted virtual…

Geometric Topology · Mathematics 2012-12-03 Jessica Ceniceros , Sam Nelson

The connected sum of two flat virtual knots depends on the choice of diagrams and basepoints. We show that any minimal crossing diagram of a composite flat virtual knot is a connected sum diagram. We also show the crossing number of flat…

Geometric Topology · Mathematics 2024-07-26 Jie Chen

Region crossing change is a local transformation on a knot or link diagram. We show that a region crossing change on a knot diagram is an unknotting operation, and we define the region unknotting numbers for a knot diagram and a knot.

Geometric Topology · Mathematics 2014-01-17 Ayaka Shimizu

Region crossing change for a knot or a proper link is an unknotting operation. In this paper, we provide a sharp upper bound on the region unknotting number for a large class of torus knots and proper links. Also, we discuss conditions on…

Geometric Topology · Mathematics 2013-05-30 Vikash Siwach , Madeti Prabhakar

Jin and Lee proved the following: Suppose that $D_1, \dots, D_n$ are link diagrams. Given a link $L$ which is partitioned into sublinks $L_1, \dots, L_n$ admitting diagrams $D_1, \dots, D_n$ respectively, there is a diagram $D$ of $L$ whose…

Geometric Topology · Mathematics 2022-06-27 Naoko Kamada

The surgery unknotting number of a Legendrian link is defined as the minimal number of particular oriented surgeries that are required to convert the link into a Legendrian unknot. Lower bounds for the surgery unknotting number are given in…

Symplectic Geometry · Mathematics 2016-01-20 A. Bianca Boranda , Lisa Traynor , Shuning Yan