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Large language models (LLMs) exhibit emergent behaviors suggestive of human-like reasoning. While recent work has identified structured conceptual representations within these models, it remains unclear whether they functionally rely on…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-21 Ningyu Xu , Qi Zhang , Xipeng Qiu , Xuanjing Huang

Optimization methodologies for training large-scale neural architectures often rely on uniform gradient propagation mechanisms that fail to align with hierarchical linguistic structures, limiting their capacity to generalize across diverse…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-03-26 Daphne Quillington , Kingsley Fairbrother , Xavier Tattershall , Irin Kabakum

We study the evolution of latent space in fine-tuned NLP models. Different from the commonly used probing-framework, we opt for an unsupervised method to analyze representations. More specifically, we discover latent concepts in the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-10-25 Nadir Durrani , Hassan Sajjad , Fahim Dalvi , Firoj Alam

Self-modulating mechanisms introduce dynamic adaptation capabilities within language models through contextual realignment strategies that influence token embedding trajectories across extended sequences. Contextual Flux is explored as an…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-08-11 Henry Evidail , Zachary Mountebank , Alistair Hathersage , Peter Stanhope , Basil Ravenscroft , Tobias Waddingham

Extended sequence generation often leads to degradation in contextual consistency due to the inability of conventional self-attention mechanisms to effectively retain long-range dependencies. Existing approaches, including memory…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-01-30 Jonathan Teel , Jocasta Cumberbatch , Raphael Benington , Quentin Baskerville

The Neural Contextual Reinforcement Framework introduces an innovative approach to enhancing the logical coherence and structural consistency of text generated by large language models. Leveraging reinforcement learning principles, the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-08-11 Marcus Irvin , William Cooper , Edward Hughes , Jessica Morgan , Christopher Hamilton

While vector-based language representations from pretrained language models have set a new standard for many NLP tasks, there is not yet a complete accounting of their inner workings. In particular, it is not entirely clear what aspects of…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-04-16 Matteo Alleman , Jonathan Mamou , Miguel A Del Rio , Hanlin Tang , Yoon Kim , SueYeon Chung

Recent advances in large language models enable documents to be represented as dense semantic embeddings, supporting similarity-based operations over large text collections. However, many web-scale systems still rely on flat clustering or…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-01-30 Thomas Haschka , Joseph Bakarji

Text summarization aims to condense long documents and retain key information. Critical to the success of a summarization model is the faithful inference of latent representations of words or tokens in the source documents. Most recent…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-03-16 Bo Pang , Erik Nijkamp , Wojciech Kryściński , Silvio Savarese , Yingbo Zhou , Caiming Xiong

High-dimensional distributed semantic spaces have proven useful and effective for aggregating and processing visual, auditory, and lexical information for many tasks related to human-generated data. Human language makes use of a large and…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-04-02 Jussi Karlgren , Pentti Kanerva

In this work, we study the representation space of contextualized embeddings and gain insight into the hidden topology of large language models. We show there exists a network of latent states that summarize linguistic properties of…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-06-06 Yao Fu , Mirella Lapata

In Transformer architectures, tokens\textemdash discrete units derived from raw data\textemdash are formed by segmenting inputs into fixed-length chunks. Each token is then mapped to an embedding, enabling parallel attention computations…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-01-14 Zhenglun Kong , Yize Li , Fanhu Zeng , Lei Xin , Shvat Messica , Xue Lin , Pu Zhao , Manolis Kellis , Hao Tang , Marinka Zitnik

Large language models produce powerful text embeddings, but their causal attention mechanism restricts the flow of information from later to earlier tokens, degrading representation quality. While recent methods attempt to solve this by…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-11-20 Xueying Ding , Xingyue Huang , Mingxuan Ju , Liam Collins , Yozen Liu , Leman Akoglu , Neil Shah , Tong Zhao

Latent space models are widely used for analyzing high-dimensional discrete data matrices, such as patient-feature matrices in electronic health records (EHRs), by capturing complex dependence structures through low-dimensional embeddings.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-19 Weijing Tang , Ming Yuan , Zongqi Xia , Tianxi Cai

In language processing, training data with extremely large variance may lead to difficulty in the language model's convergence. It is difficult for the network parameters to adapt sentences with largely varied semantics or grammatical…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-05-26 Yunhao Yang , Zhaokun Xue

End-to-end models for goal-orientated dialogue are challenging to train, because linguistic and strategic aspects are entangled in latent state vectors. We introduce an approach to learning representations of messages in dialogues by…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2018-06-06 Denis Yarats , Mike Lewis

Hierarchical neural architectures are often used to capture long-distance dependencies and have been applied to many document-level tasks such as summarization, document segmentation, and sentiment analysis. However, effective usage of such…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2019-01-29 Ming-Wei Chang , Kristina Toutanova , Kenton Lee , Jacob Devlin

Current 3D-aware pretraining methods for embodied perception and manipulation are largely built on differentiable rendering frameworks, producing either fully implicit neural fields or fully explicit geometric primitives. Implicit…

The Semantic Layered Embedding Diffusion (SLED) mechanism redefines the representation of hierarchical semantics within transformer-based architectures, enabling enhanced contextual consistency across a wide array of linguistic tasks. By…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-03-26 Irin Kabakum , Thomas Montgomery , Daniel Ravenwood , Genevieve Harrington

Language exhibits inherent structures, a property that explains both language acquisition and language change. Given this characteristic, we expect language models to manifest their own internal structures as well. While interpretability…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-19 Haruki Sakajo , Frederikus Hudi , Yusuke Sakai , Hidetaka Kamigaito , Taro Watanabe