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A new approach to quantum mechanics based on independence of the Continuum Hypothesis is proposed. In one-dimensional case, it is shown that the properties of the set of intermediate cardinality coincide with quantum phenomenology.

Quantum Physics · Physics 2007-05-23 O. Yaremchuk

A quantum-like description of human decision process is developed, and a heuristic argument supporting the theory as sound phenomenology is given. It is shown to be capable of quantitatively explaining the conjunction fallacy in the same…

Biological Physics · Physics 2012-09-21 Taksu Cheon , Taiki Takahashi

The most important recent results in the theory of phase transitions and quantum effects in quantum anharmonic crystals are presented and discussed. In particular, necessary and sufficient conditions for a phase transition to occur at some…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2015-06-04 Sergio Albeverio , Yuri Kozitsky , Yuri Kondratiev , Michael Roeckner

The formalism of quantum theory in Hilbert space has been applied with success to the modeling and explanation of several cognitive phenomena, whereas traditional cognitive approaches were problematical. However, this 'quantum cognition…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2019-02-12 Diederik Aerts , Lyneth Beltran , Massimiliano Sassoli de Bianchi , Sandro Sozzo , Tomas Veloz

We review the data gathering and analysis procedure used in real Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen-Bohm experiments with photons and we illustrate the procedure by analyzing experimental data. Based on this analysis, we construct event-based computer…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2007-12-26 H. De Raedt , K. De Raedt , K. Michielsen , K. Keimpema , S. Miyashita

We explain the quantum structure as due to the presence of two effects, (a) a real change of state of the entity under influence of the measurement and, (b) a lack of knowledge about a deeper deterministic reality of the measurement…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2015-06-26 Diederik Aerts

Quantum backflow is usually understood as a quantum interference phenomenon where probability current of a quantum particle points in the opposite direction to particle's momentum. Here, we quantify the amount of quantum backflow for…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-01-13 Marek Miller , Woo Chee Yuan , Rainer Dumke , Tomasz Paterek

A thought experiment is described and the probability of a particular type of results is predicted according to the quantum formalism. Then, the assumption is made that there exists a particle that travels from the source to one of the…

General Physics · Physics 2022-07-21 Sofia Wechsler

For the classical mind, quantum mechanics is boggling enough; nevertheless more bizarre behavior could be imagined, thereby concentrating on propositional structures (empirical logics) that transcend the quantum domain. One can also…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2017-01-09 Karl Svozil

Given an ontological model of a quantum system, a "genuine measurement," as opposed to a quantum measurement, means an experiment that determines the value of a beable, i.e., of a variable that, according to the model, has an actual value…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-10-10 Roderich Tumulka

There exist dozens of interpretations of quantum theory, but they do not seem to contribute much to understanding the theory. This paper attempts to clarify some issues that are discussed in those interpretations. The main keywords are:…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2020-07-28 Michael Drieschner

The question of what ontological message (if any) is encoded in the formalism of contemporary physics is, to say the least, controversial. The reasons for this state of affairs are psychological and neurobiological. The processes by which…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2007-05-23 Ulrich Mohrhoff

It is shown how, given a "probability data table" for a quantum or classical system, the representation of states and measurement outcomes as vectors in a real vector space follows in a natural way. Some properties of the resulting sets of…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2007-05-23 Piero G. L. Mana

A system of quantum reasoning for a closed system is developed by treating non-relativistic quantum mechanics as a stochastic theory. The sample space corresponds to a decomposition, as a sum of orthogonal projectors, of the identity…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2009-10-30 Robert B. Griffiths

Quantum walks provide simple models of various fundamental processes. It is pivotal to know when the dynamics underlying a walk lead to quantum advantages just by examining its statistics. A walk with many indistinguishable particles and…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2015-11-03 Magdalena Stobińska , Peter P. Rohde , Paweł Kurzyński

The aim of this expos\'e is to make explicit the analogy between the classical notion of non-independent probability distribution and the quantum notion of entangled state. To bring that analogy forth, we consider a classical systems with…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-05-18 Henryk Gzyl

Models of a phenomenon are often developed by examining it under different experimental conditions, or measurement contexts. The resultant probabilistic models assume that the underlying random variables, which define a measurable set of…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2018-02-05 Peter D. Bruza

The status of the quantum state is perhaps the most controversial issue in the foundations of quantum theory. Is it an epistemic state (state of knowledge) or an ontic state (state of reality)? In realist models of quantum theory, the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2014-04-30 M. S. Leifer

It is often said that quantum and classical randomness are of different nature, the former being ontological and the latter epistemological. However, so far the question of "What is quantum in quantum randomness", i.e. what is the impact of…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2018-07-04 Philippe Grangier , Alexia Auffèves

It is shown that probabilistic treatment of quantum mechanics can be coordinated with causality of all physical processes. The physical interpretation of quantum-mechanical phenomena such as process of measurement and collapse of quantum…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2007-05-23 Slavnov D. A