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Recent advancements in large language models (LLMs) underscore their potential for responding to inquiries in various domains. However, ensuring that generative agents provide accurate and reliable answers remains an ongoing challenge. In…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-07-19 Andries Smit , Paul Duckworth , Nathan Grinsztajn , Thomas D. Barrett , Arnu Pretorius

Multi-agent debate (MAD) is an emerging approach to improving the reasoning capabilities of large language models (LLMs). Existing MAD methods rely on multiple rounds of interaction among agents to reach consensus, and the final output is…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-09-16 Yu Cui , Hang Fu , Haibin Zhang , Licheng Wang , Cong Zuo

The remarkable growth in large language model (LLM) capabilities has spurred exploration into multi-agent systems, with debate frameworks emerging as a promising avenue for enhanced problem-solving. These multi-agent debate (MAD)…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-06-23 Yongjin Yang , Euiin Yi , Jongwoo Ko , Kimin Lee , Zhijing Jin , Se-Young Yun

Multi-agent debate (MAD) is widely used to improve large language model (LLM) performance through test-time scaling, yet recent work shows that vanilla MAD often underperforms simple majority vote despite higher computational cost. Studies…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-01-29 Xiaochen Zhu , Caiqi Zhang , Yizhou Chi , Tom Stafford , Nigel Collier , Andreas Vlachos

Context: Large Language Model (LLM) agents are becoming widely used for various Requirements Engineering (RE) tasks. Research on improving their accuracy mainly focuses on prompt engineering, model fine-tuning, and retrieval augmented…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-11-20 Marc Oriol , Quim Motger , Jordi Marco , Xavier Franch

As an agent-level reasoning and coordination paradigm, Multi-Agent Debate (MAD) orchestrates multiple agents through structured debate to improve answer quality and support complex reasoning. However, existing research on MAD suffers from…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-01-07 Ao Li , Jinghui Zhang , Luyu Li , Yuxiang Duan , Lang Gao , Mingcai Chen , Weijun Qin , Shaopeng Li , Fengxian Ji , Ning Liu , Lizhen Cui , Xiuying Chen , Yuntao Du

Large language models (LLMs) have achieved impressive results in natural language understanding, yet their reasoning capabilities remain limited when operating as single agents. Multi-Agent Debate (MAD) has been proposed to address this…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-03-25 Xiao Wang , Jia Wang , Yijie Wang , Pengtao Dang , Sha Cao , Chi Zhang

Large Language Models (LLMs) have advanced autonomous agents' planning and decision-making, yet they struggle with complex tasks requiring diverse expertise and multi-step reasoning. Multi-Agent Debate (MAD) systems, introduced in NLP…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-03-18 Jina Chun , Qihong Chen , Jiawei Li , Iftekhar Ahmed

Recent advancements in large language models (LLMs) have given rise to the LLM-as-a-judge paradigm, showcasing their potential to deliver human-like judgments. However, in the field of machine translation (MT) evaluation, current…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-02-21 Zhaopeng Feng , Jiayuan Su , Jiamei Zheng , Jiahan Ren , Yan Zhang , Jian Wu , Hongwei Wang , Zuozhu Liu

Large Language Model (LLM) agent systems have advanced rapidly, driven by their strong generalization in zero-shot settings. To further enhance reasoning and accuracy on complex tasks, Multi-Agent Debate (MAD) has emerged as a promising…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-12-03 Wei Fan , JinYi Yoon , Bo Ji

Multi-Agent Debate (MAD) has emerged as a promising inference scaling method for Large Language Model (LLM) reasoning. However, it frequently suffers from belief entrenchment, where agents reinforce shared errors rather than correcting…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-12 Jihwan Oh , Minchan Jeong , Jongwoo Ko , Se-Young Yun

Multi-agent debate (MAD) systems improve LLM reasoning through iterative deliberation, but remain vulnerable to debate collapse, a failure type where final agent decisions are compromised on erroneous reasoning. Existing methods lack…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2026-02-10 Luoxi Tang , Yuqiao Meng , Joseph Costa , Yingxue Zhang , Muchao Ye , Zhaohan Xi

Accurate detection of errors in large language models (LLM) responses is central to the success of scalable oversight, or providing effective supervision to superhuman intelligence. Yet, self-diagnosis is often unreliable on complex tasks…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-27 Yongqiang Chen , Gang Niu , James Cheng , Bo Han , Masashi Sugiyama

Multi-agent debate (MAD) aims to improve large language model (LLM) reasoning by letting multiple agents exchange answers and then aggregate their opinions. Yet recent studies reveal that agents are not neutral: they are prone to…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-04-13 Hyeong Kyu Choi , Xiaojin Zhu , Sharon Li

Multi-agent debate (MAD) has demonstrated the ability to augment collective intelligence by scaling test-time compute and leveraging expertise. Current frameworks for multi-agent debate are often designed towards tool use, lack integrated…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2025-12-16 Jonas Becker , Lars Benedikt Kaesberg , Niklas Bauer , Jan Philip Wahle , Terry Ruas , Bela Gipp

Tabular anomaly detection is often handled by single detectors or static ensembles, even though strong performance on tabular data typically comes from heterogeneous model families (e.g., tree ensembles, deep tabular networks, and tabular…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-17 Pinqiao Wang , Sheng Li

Multi-Agent Debate~(MAD) has emerged as a promising paradigm for improving the performance of large language models through collaborative reasoning. Despite recent advances, the key factors driving MAD's effectiveness remain unclear. In…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-24 Hyeong Kyu Choi , Xiaojin Zhu , Sharon Li

Large language models (LLMs) have recently demonstrated impressive capabilities in reasoning tasks. Currently, mainstream LLM reasoning frameworks predominantly focus on scaling up inference-time sampling to enhance performance. In…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-03-24 Hongduan Tian , Xiao Feng , Ziyuan Zhao , Xiangyu Zhu , Rolan Yan , Bo Han

Large Language Models (LLMs) suffer from hallucinations and factual inaccuracies, especially in complex reasoning and fact verification tasks. Multi-Agent Debate (MAD) systems aim to improve answer accuracy by enabling multiple LLM agents…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-01-09 Seyeon Jeong , Yeonjun Choi , JongWook Kim , Beakcheol Jang

Multi-agent large language models (MA-LLMs) are a rapidly growing research area that leverages multiple interacting language agents to tackle complex tasks, outperforming single-agent large language models. This literature review…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2025-06-03 Arne Tillmann
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