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Related papers: LLM Pretraining with Continuous Concepts

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Large language models (LLMs) achieve state-of-the-art accuracy on complex reasoning tasks by generating multiple chain-of-thought (CoT) traces, but using a fixed token budget per query leads to over-computation on easy inputs and…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-02-03 Katrina Brown , Aneesh Muppidi , Rana Shahout

Data mixing decides how to combine different sources or types of data and is a consequential problem throughout language model training. In pretraining, data composition is a key determinant of model quality; in continual learning and…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-18 Michael Y. Hu , Apurva Gandhi , Kyunghyun Cho , Tal Linzen , Pratyusha Sharma

Latent tokens are gaining attention for enhancing reasoning in large language models (LLMs), yet their internal mechanisms remain unclear. This paper examines the problem from a reliability perspective, uncovering fundamental weaknesses:…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-12-29 Yuyi Zhang , Boyu Tang , Tianjie Ju , Sufeng Duan , Gongshen Liu

Recent advances in large language models (LLMs) have revolutionized natural language processing, yet evaluating their intrinsic linguistic understanding remains challenging. Moving beyond specialized evaluation tasks, we propose an…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-02 Shaojie Wang , Sirui Ding , Na Zou

Pre-trained Large Language Models (LLMs) have shown success in a diverse set of language inference and understanding tasks. The pre-training stage of LLMs looks at a large corpus of raw textual data. The BabyLM shared task compares LLM…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-01-11 Khushi Bhardwaj , Raj Sanjay Shah , Sashank Varma

Reasoning-oriented Large Language Models (LLMs) often rely on generating explicit tokens step by step, and their effectiveness typically hinges on large-scale supervised fine-tuning or reinforcement learning. While Chain-of-Thought (CoT)…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-09-30 Haoyu Zheng , Zhuonan Wang , Yuqian Yuan , Tianwei Lin , Wenqiao Zhang , Zheqi Lv , Juncheng Li , Siliang Tang , Yueting Zhuang , Hongyang He

Customized text-to-image generation renders user-specified concepts into novel contexts based on textual prompts. Scaling the number of concepts in customized generation meets a broader demand for user creation, whereas existing methods…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-03-11 Jian Jin , Zhenbo Yu , Yang Shen , Zhenyong Fu , Jian Yang

Subword tokenization introduces a computational layer in language models where many distinct token sequences decode to the same surface form and preserve meaning, yet induce different internal computations. Despite this non-uniqueness,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-01-14 Adrian Cosma , Stefan Ruseti , Emilian Radoi , Mihai Dascalu

The cross-lingual language models are typically pretrained with masked language modeling on multilingual text or parallel sentences. In this paper, we introduce denoising word alignment as a new cross-lingual pre-training task.…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-09-14 Zewen Chi , Li Dong , Bo Zheng , Shaohan Huang , Xian-Ling Mao , Heyan Huang , Furu Wei

Existing 3D human motion generation and understanding methods often exhibit limited interpretability, restricting effective mutual enhancement between these inherently related tasks. While current unified frameworks based on large language…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-01-21 Guocun Wang , Kenkun Liu , Jing Lin , Guorui Song , Jian Li , Xiaoguang Han

This research aims to unravel how large language models (LLMs) iteratively refine token predictions through internal processing. We utilized a logit lens technique to analyze the model's token predictions derived from intermediate…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-10 Jaturong Kongmanee

Compositional reasoning remains a persistent weakness of modern vision language models (VLMs): they often falter when a task hinges on understanding how multiple objects, attributes, and relations interact within an image. Multiple research…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-10-14 Sanchit Sinha , Guangzhi Xiong , Aidong Zhang

Existing visual token compression methods for Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs) predominantly operate as post-encoder modules, limiting their potential for efficiency gains. To address this limitation, we propose LaCo (Layer-wise…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-07-04 Juntao Liu , Liqiang Niu , Wenchao Chen , Jie Zhou , Fandong Meng

Masked language modeling (MLM) has been widely used for pre-training effective bidirectional representations, but incurs substantial training costs. In this paper, we propose a novel concept-based curriculum masking (CCM) method to…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-12-16 Mingyu Lee , Jun-Hyung Park , Junho Kim , Kang-Min Kim , SangKeun Lee

Open-set object recognition aims to identify if an object is from a class that has been encountered during training or not. To perform open-set object recognition accurately, a key challenge is how to reduce the reliance on…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-12-22 Haoxuan Qu , Xiaofei Hui , Yujun Cai , Jun Liu

Interpreting the inner workings of deep learning models is crucial for establishing trust and ensuring model safety. Concept-based explanations have emerged as a superior approach that is more interpretable than feature attribution…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-07-17 Mara Graziani , Laura O' Mahony , An-Phi Nguyen , Henning Müller , Vincent Andrearczyk

Concept-based models aim to explain model decisions with human-understandable concepts. However, most existing approaches treat concepts as numerical attributes, without providing complementary visual explanations that could localize the…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-10-14 Cristiano Patrício , Luís F. Teixeira , João C. Neves

Deep learning algorithms have recently gained significant attention due to their impressive performance. However, their high complexity and un-interpretable mode of operation hinders their confident deployment in real-world safety-critical…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-06-28 Konstantinos P. Panousis , Dino Ienco , Diego Marcos

Multimodal large language models (MLLMs) extend the success of language models to visual understanding, and recent efforts have sought to build unified MLLMs that support both understanding and generation. However, constructing such models…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-10-03 Hanyu Wang , Jiaming Han , Ziyan Yang , Qi Zhao , Shanchuan Lin , Xiangyu Yue , Abhinav Shrivastava , Zhenheng Yang , Hao Chen

Due to an exponential increase in published research articles, it is impossible for individual scientists to read all publications, even within their own research field. In this work, we investigate the use of large language models (LLMs)…